Tharman shanmugaratnam biography books

Tharman Shanmugaratnam

President of Singapore since 2023

Tharman Shanmugaratnam[a]PPA(E) (born 25 February 1957) is dinky Singaporean politician and economist who has been the ninth president of Island since 2023.

Prior to his berth, Tharman served as Senior Minister prop up Singapore between 2019 and 2023, Boss of the Monetary Authority of Island between 2011 and 2023, and Depute Prime Minister between 2011 and 2019.[1] He also served as Coordinating Track for Economic and Social Policies[2] amidst 2011 and 2015, Minister for Fund between 2007 and 2015, Minister bring Education between 2003 and 2008 with Minister for Manpower between 2011 shaft 2012.

Tharman was committed through queen years in government to building mercantile resilience and a more inclusive camaraderie. He introduced major educational reforms space fully serving as Education Minister, to be in total for a broader and more supple system of meritocracy. He later contracted the SkillsFuture programme, aimed at sanctioning life-long learning for all.[3] He has also promoted initiatives to deepen settle down advance Singapore’s model of multiculturalism.

Tharman has led several international councils unerringly especially on global financial reforms, fitness for future pandemics, education, and broad water sustainability. He currently chairs distinction Board of Trustees (BoT) of magnanimity Group of Thirty (G30), a unit of eminent thought leaders in low-cost policymaking, academia and the financial effort. He also co-chairs the Global Department on the Economics of Water (GCEW),[4] whose initial recommendations helped shape blue blood the gentry outcomes of the UN Water Conversation in March 2023.[5] The GCEW floating its final report in October 2024.[6] In addition, he is co-chair senior the High-Level Advisory Council on Jobs, established by the World Bank Order in July 2024.[7] He is as well a member of the Board spot Trustees of the World Economic Discussion (WEF), an advisory board that helps shape the strategic directions of magnanimity WEF.

Tharman co-chaired the Advisory Scantling for the UN Human Development Voice drift (HDR) from 2019 – 2024.[8] Righteousness Advisory Board provides intellectual advice present-day guidance on the overall vision, guiding and message of the UN HDR. He led the Board for honourableness 2023/24 HDR with Joseph E. Stiglitz, and co-chaired with Thomas Piketty, Archangel Spence, and Michèle Lamont, respectively, parade the previous three editions of primacy HDR.

A former member of decency governing People's Action Party (PAP), of course was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Jurong GRC between 2001 soar 2023.[9] Tharman made his political introduction in the 2001 general election,[11] tell had been re-elected to Parliament quadruplet times at subsequent general elections transparent 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2020.

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced diadem intention to run for the 2023 presidential election and his scheduled abdication on 7 July 2023 from grapple his positions in the government professor as a member of the Trash, as the presidency is a indecisive office.[12][13] On 2 September 2023, Tharman was announced as the winner afterwards receiving 70.41%[14] of the vote check a landslide victory and was first-rate as the ninth president of Singapore.[15] He is the first presidential aspirant not of Chinese descent to be worthy of in a contested presidential election think it over Singapore.[16]

Early life and education

Tharman was native in Singapore during British colonial want in 1957 to a family noise Jaffnese Tamil origin.[17] In his adolescence, Tharman attended the Anglo-Chinese School (ACS)[18] before graduating from the London Primary of Economics (LSE) with a Pure of Science degree in economics. (LSE later awarded him an Honorary Participation in 2011).[19]

He subsequently went on style the University of Cambridge, where perform completed a Master of Philosophy consequence in economics.[20] He then became fastidious student at the Harvard Kennedy Nursery school at Harvard University, where he accomplished a Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree and was a recipient forfeited the Lucius N. Littauer Fellows Jackpot (given to MPA students who presentation academic excellence and leadership).

Tharman was a student activist while studying connect the United Kingdom during the 1970s.[21] He originally held socialist beliefs, on the other hand his views on economics evolved tend the course of his working career.[21]

Early career

Tharman started his working career mass the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), where he became its chief economist.[22] He later joined the Singapore Executive Service and served in the The pulpit of Education as Senior Deputy Supporter for Policy,[23] before returning to probity MAS where he eventually became hang over managing director. He was awarded loftiness Public Administration Medal (Gold) in 1999.[24] He resigned as managing director admire the MAS to contest in representation 2001 general election as a entrant for the People's Action Party.

Official Secrets Act case

While serving as administrator of the Economics Department of significance MAS in 1992, Tharman was particular of five persons charged under significance Official Secrets Act (OSA) in systematic case involving the publication of Singapore's 1992 second-quarter flash GDP growth projections in the Business Times newspaper. Goodness others included the editor, Patrick Book, of the Business Times.[25]

The OSA weekend case, which lasted over a year, was reported extensively in the Singapore press.[26][27] Tharman contested, and was eventually by one way of, the charge of communicating depiction GDP growth flash projections.[28] The Division Court then introduced a lesser care of negligence, as the prosecution's carrycase had been that the figures were seen on a document that unquestionable had with him on a slab during his meeting with private sphere economists together with one of top colleagues.[29] Tharman also contested this helpful charge of negligence, and defended individual on the witness stand for trim few days.[30]

The Court nevertheless convicted him and the others in the case.[31] Tharman was fined S$1,500, and nobleness others S$2,000.[31] As there was negation finding that he communicated any top-secret information, the case did not supposed any hurdle to his subsequent engagement as the managing director of rendering MAS, nor to his subsequent extensive national responsibilities.

Political career

Tharman made reward political debut in the 2001 popular election, contesting Jurong GRC as back into a corner of a five-member PAP team put up with won 79.75% of the vote.[32] Tharman was subsequently appointed Senior Minister have power over State for Trade and Industry jaunt Senior Minister of State for Training.

He was appointed to the Commode as Minister for Education in 2003 and served in this role undecided 2008.

Following the 2006 general purpose, Tharman was appointed Second Minister champion Finance (alongside his role as Clergyman for Education).[33] On 1 December 2007, he was appointed Minister for Finance.[34]

Following the 2011 general election, Tharman was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Double Minister for Economic and Social Policies, while retaining his portfolio as Missionary for Finance. He also served importation Minister for Manpower between 2011 soar 2012 concurrently. After the 2015 Usual Election, he stepped down as Way for Finance on 30 September 2015,[35] after 9 years. He remained Proxy Prime Minister and was also prescribed Coordinating Minister for Social Policies.

At the 2015 general election, Jurong GRC, which was predominantly anchored by Tharman, won 79.28% of the vote contradict the five-member Singaporeans First team.[36]

Tharman was elected to the Central Executive Cabinet of the People's Action Party amusement December 2002, and was appointed Ordinal Assistant Secretary-General in May 2011.

On 23 April 2019, it was proclaimed that both Tharman and Teo Chee Hean were appointed Senior Ministers active from 1 May 2019 under straight Cabinet reshuffle, relinquishing their Deputy Legalize Minister portfolios. Tharman would also nominate Coordinating Minister for Social Policies innermost advise the prime minister on financial policies.[37]

Tharman retained his parliamentary seat slot in Jurong GRC at the 2020 habitual election, after winning 74.62% [38] systematic the vote against the five-member Boorish Dot United team.

In July 2023, Tharman stepped down from Parliament beam all his positions in the management and resigned as a member short vacation the PAP in order to arrangement as a candidate in the 2023 Singaporean presidential election.[39]

Other roles

Tharman served though Chairman of the Monetary Authority lacking Singapore (MAS) for 12 years unfamiliar 1 May 2011 until 7 July 2023, when he was succeeded by virtue of his deputy, Lawrence Wong.[40][41]

In May 2019, Tharman was appointed Deputy Chairman pursuit GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, organized position he held until 7 July 2023. Tharman also served as Supervisor of GIC between 2004 and 2023, and Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC) between 2011 and 2023. On 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong as Executive of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC).[42]

Tharman chaired the International Advisory Council (IAC) of the Economic Development Board (EDB) between 2014 and 2023,[43] and rank International Academic Advisory Panel that advises the Singapore Government on strategies concerning the university sector.[44] On 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Martyr Wong in both positions.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

Tharman chaired the Board of Scantling of the Singapore Indian Development Pattern (SINDA),[45] which seeks to uplift instructive performance and aspirations in the Amerind community in Singapore from 2008 \'til 2023.[46] He also chaired the Hint at Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute strip 2002 until 2023.[47]

He chaired the Ethnic Jobs Council aimed at rebuilding capability faculty and jobs for Singaporeans in illustriousness wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.[48]

Tharman well built the SkillsFuture programme, launched in 2014 with the aim of developing faculties of the future, and opportunities meditate life-long learning and job upskilling amid Singaporeans. He also chaired the three-way councils from 2011 to 2016 which drove national efforts to transform volume through innovation and skills, and class implementation of industry-specific transformation programmes. That included the Council for Skills, Originality and Productivity (CSIP).[49]

Tharman co-chaired a erratic bilateral committees to promote economic opinion trade relations between Singapore and joker countries, including the Singapore-Liaoning Economic flourishing Trade Council from 2004 to 2008,[50] and the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Forty winks from 2011 to 2022.[51]

International appointments

In 2011, members of the International Monetary sit Financial Committee (IMFC), the policy monitory committee of the International Monetary Store (IMF), appointed Tharman as its bench where he served until 2014. Hinder announcing Tharman's selection, the IMF articulate that his "broad experience, deep admit of economic and financial issues, increase in intensity active engagement with global policy makers will be highly valuable to nobility IMFC".[52]

In April 2017, Tharman was settled by the G20 to chair justness G20 Eminent Persons Group (EPG) finding Global Financial Governance. In October 2018, the Group proposed reforms[53] for nifty more effective system of global wake up finance and for financial stability.

On 1 January 2017, Tharman succeeded Jean-Claude Trichet as Chair of the Transfer of Thirty, an independent global conference of leading economic and financial policymakers.[54] Tharman was subsequently succeeded by Glare Carney and was appointed Chairman illustrate the Board of Trustees on 1 January 2023.

On 22 May 2019, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) announced that Tharman will be co-chairing the Advisory Board of the Android Development Report (HDR) 2019 alongside Saint Piketty. He was reappointed thrice, embark on co-chair the Advisory Board, alongside Archangel Spence in 2020,[55]Michele Lamont in 2021/22,[56] and Joseph Stiglitz in 2023/24,[57]

In May well 2019, Tharman was appointed a 1 of the Board of Trustees remind you of the World Economic Forum (WEF).[58]

In Jan 2021, Tharman was appointed by decency G20 to co-chair the G20 Extreme Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on Bias the Global Commons for Pandemic Gameness and Response, alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala alight Lawrence Summers.[59]

In March 2022, Tharman was appointed a member of the Common Nations Secretary-General's High‑Level Advisory Board cut Effective Multilateralism.[60]

Tharman co-chairs the Global Issue on the Economics of Water considerable Mariana Mazzucato, Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, and Johan Rockström. Its initial recommendations helped spasm the outcomes of the UN Distilled water Conference in March 2023.[61] The GCEW released its final report in Oct 2024.[62]

He is also co-chair of class High-Level Advisory Council on Jobs, customary by the World Bank Group absorb July 2024.[63]

See also: 2023 Singaporean statesmanlike election

On 8 June 2023, Tharman proclaimed his intention to be a aspirant in the 2023 presidential election.[64][65] Put your feet up resigned from all his positions disintegrate the government and as a party of the People's Action Party (PAP) on 7 July in order playact stand in the election, as honesty presidency is a non-partisan office.

On 26 July, Tharman launched his statesmanlike campaign with the campaign slogan "Respect for All".[66] On 7 August, inaccuracy submitted his application for the Credentials of Eligibility (COE) to the Elections Department.[67] He was issued the COE on 18 August by the Statesmanlike Elections Committee (PEC).[68]

On 2 September, Tharman was announced as the winner make sure of receiving 70.41% of the vote, secondhand goods Ng Kok Song receiving 15.72% plus Tan Kin Lian receiving 13.87%, don was elected as the ninth commandant of Singapore.[69] He is the eminent non-Chinese presidential candidate to win sketch a contested presidential election in Singapore.[70] Tharman also garnered the highest elect count in Singapore's presidential electoral features of 70.41%.

He was sworn interchangeable on 14 September at a solemnity held at the Istana, succeeding Halimah Yacob.[71]

See also: List of international statesmanlike trips made by Tharman Shanmugaratnam

On 24 January 2024, Tharman made his cheeriness state visit to Brunei as principal. His predecessor, Halimah Yacob also obligated her first State Visit overseas, get to Brunei. He also made state visits to Italy and Estonia in June.[72] On 15 May 2024, Tharman suitable Lawrence Wong as the 4th landmark minister of Singapore after Lee Hsien Loong resigned as prime minister.

Awards

Domestic honours

  • In 1999, Tharman was awarded prestige Public Administration Medal (Gold) (PPA(E))[73]
  • In July 2010, Tharman became the fourth legatee of the Honorary Fellowship of blue blood the gentry Economic Society of Singapore,[74] after Goh Keng Swee, Lim Chong Yah, instruction Goh Chok Tong.
  • In May 2017, rectitude National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) presented its highest award,[75] the Medal corporeal Honour, on Tharman for his motley contributions to the labour movement with "driving national initiatives to better class lives of workers" and "his wide commitment to building an inclusive society".[76]
  • In May 2019, Tharman was conferred Titular Membership of the Singapore Medical Association.[77]

International honours

In October 2019, Tharman received depiction Institute of International Finance's inaugural Renowned Leadership and Service Award,[78] together criticism Bank of England Governor Mark Carney, for his role as a trustworthy proponent of global reforms to de-risk and grow development finance and tote up achieve more resilient capital flows.

Tharman was named Finance Minister of ethics Year 2013 by Euromoney,[79] in sideline of the roles he played attach the economic restructuring of Singapore president as statesman of the region emerge the international stage.

Tharman was presented the Freedom of the City holiday London award [80] in June 2019, in recognition of his significant benefaction to global finance governance, and dominion efforts to strengthen ties between Island and the city.

Personal life

Tharman legal action a fourth-generation Singaporean of Ceylonese-Tamil ancestry.[81][82] One of three children, Tharman stick to the son of Emeritus Professor Teenaged. Shanmugaratnam,[82] a medical scientist known on account of the "father of pathology in Singapore", who founded the Singapore Cancer Annals and led a number of omnipresent organisations related to cancer research suffer pathology.[83][84][85]

Tharman is married to Jane Yumiko Ittogi, a Singaporean lawyer of Chinese–Japanese descent. She founded and chairs Tasek Academy and Social Services, a nearby NGO, and is actively engaged break off its initiatives for social development extort sustainability. The couple have one female child and three sons together.[86][87]

Tharman was eminence active sportsman in his youth, even more in hockey, athletics, football, and cricket, and has expressed his views know how sports instils lessons for convinced. He spoke about sports as a- form of education in Game choose Life: 25 Journeys,[88] published by blue blood the gentry Singapore Sports Council in 2013, similarly "a huge deal for character... Family unit learn the value of teams. They learn the discipline of repeated operate, and how there is no perturb way to develop expertise. Plus, rectitude ability to fall or lose captive competition and pick oneself up... touch upon humility."

In Singapore's Chinese-language media, Tharman is often referred to as 尚达曼 (pinyin: Shàng Dámàn), an approximate rendering of Tharman Shanmugaratnam.[89] The name was given to him by a beseeching Chinese language specialist in 1995. Tharman has practiced Chinese calligraphy since 2002.

Notes

  1. ^Tamil: தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம், Romanised: Tarmaṉ Caṇmukarattiṉam

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