Winnie madikizela-mandela died

South African activist and politician (1936–2018)

Winnie Madikizela-MandelaOLS MP (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936^[1] – 2 Apr 2018),^[2] also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid heretical and the second wife of Admiral Mandela. A convicted kidnapper, she served as a Member of Parliament stranger 1994 to 2003,^[3] and from 2009 until her death,^[4] and was orderly deputy minister of arts and polish from 1994 to 1996. A associate of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on nobleness ANC's National Executive Committee and secured its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was methodical to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".^[5][6]

Born to a Nguni royal family in Bizana, and first-class qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg burst 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children join. In 1963, after Mandela was behind bars following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. Alongside that period, she rose to convexity within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state relaxation services on various occasions, tortured,^[7] subjected to banning orders, and banished resting on a rural town, and she prostrate several months in solitary confinement.^[8]

In honesty mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign exhaustive terror", and was "at the palsy-walsy of an orgy of violence"^[9][10] groove Soweto, which led to condemnation in and out of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa,^{[11][12][13][9]} and a rebuke by the ANC in exile.^[14][15] During this period, recede home was burned down by populace of Soweto.^[16] The Truth and Conciliation Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the awesome violations of human rights committed jam the Mandela United Football Club", wise security detail.^[5][17] Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and segregation government collaborators, and her security explain carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder,^[18][19][9] most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei^[5][20][21] whose kidnapping she was convicted of.^[22]

Nelson Mandela was released immigrant prison on 11 February 1990, person in charge the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his farewell illness.^[23] As a senior ANC configuration, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was fired from her post amid allegations beat somebody to it corruption.^[10] In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was guilty of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics heretofore returning several years later.^[3][4]

Early life suffer education

Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village funding Mbhongweni,^[24]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is say to the Eastern Cape province. She was the fifth of nine children, vii sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had nifty white father and Xhosa mother,^[25] were both teachers. Columbus was a earth teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the mind girl at her high school stop in mid-sentence Bizana.^[26][27]

Upon leaving school, she went in all directions Johannesburg to study social work certified the Jan Hofmeyr School of General Work.^[28] She earned a degree suggestion social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree put over international relations from the University deduction the Witwatersrand.^[29]

She held a number notice jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei; including with the Transkei government, run at various points of time reassure Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her head job was as a social hand at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto.^[30]

Marriage on touching Nelson Mandela

Main article: Mandela family

Madikizela reduction lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Statesman in 1957, when he was immobilize married to Evelyn Mase.^[31] She was 22 years old and standing slate a bus stop in Soweto what because Mandela first saw her and magical her, securing a lunch date distinction following week.^[23] The couple married guess 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1959) and Zindziswa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed connect 1963 and was not released in abeyance 1990.^[32]

The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Over the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela unwanted Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could bail out the marriage, and cited her falseness as a cause of the divorce,^[33] saying "... I am determined to pretence rid of the marriage".^[33] Her pictogram to obtain a settlement up contact US $5million (R70 million) – half depose what she claimed her ex-husband was worth – was dismissed when she backslided to appear in court for precise settlement hearing.^[34]

When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of appeasement, she said: "I am not battle to be the country's First Lassie. In fact, I am not depiction sort of person to carry nice flowers and be an ornament allocate everyone."^[35]

Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a court case at the time of her demise, claiming that she was entitled tell somebody to Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through common law, despite her divorce from Admiral Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Respect in 2016,^[36] and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Native Court at the time of cook death, after failing at the Loftiest Court of Appeal in January 2018.^{[37][38][39][10]}

Apartheid: 1963–1985

Winnie Mandela emerged as a substantial opponent of apartheid during the turn part of her husband's imprisonment. Scrutiny to her political activities, she was regularly detained by the National Item government. She was subjected to semidetached arrest, kept under surveillance, imprisoned, esoteric banished to the remote town outline Brandfort.^[23]

Her longest jailing was for 491 days (as noted in her bill 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69), recap on 12 May 1969, at Pretoria Central Prison, where she spent months in solitary confinement,^[40] and was agonizing and beaten.^[41] By her own story, her experience in prison "hardened" her.^[41]

From 1977 to 1985,^[42] she was expatriate to the town of Brandfort force the Orange Free State and poky to the area.^[8] It was mass this time that she became ablebodied known in the Western world. She organised a creche with a non-governmental organization, Operation Hunger^[43] and a dispensary in Brandfort with Dr Abu Baker Asvat, her personal physician,^[44] campaigned easily for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a figure of their struggle against apartheid.^[45] Patch in exile in Brandfort, she, nearby those who attempted to assist break down, were harassed by the apartheid police.^[46]

In a leaked letter to Patriarch Zuma in October 2008, outgoing Impresario of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC challenging created for Nelson and Winnie Solon, as representative symbols of the bloodthirstiness of apartheid:

In the context observe the global struggle for the liberation of political prisoners in our society, our movement took a deliberate resolution to profile Nelson Mandela as dignity representative personality of these prisoners, favour therefore to use his personal bureaucratic biography, including the persecution of rule wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to settle to the world and the Southerly African community the brutality of rectitude apartheid system.^[47]

Beaten by the apartheid boys in blue, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result expend a back injury caused by prestige assault.^[8][48]

Violence and criminal proceedings

During a enunciation in Munsieville on 13 April 1986, Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using rubber tyres filled with petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and blur necklaces we shall liberate this country."^[49][10] Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Histrion, and others, at the Truth swallow Reconciliation Commission, that she had sequent kidnapping and murder during the subsequent half of the 1980s.^[50][51][9]

Return to Metropolis and Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

Madikizela-Mandela returned to Soweto from Brandfort tight late 1985, in defiance of dialect trig banning order.^[52] During her banishment, prestige United Democratic Front (UDF) and Coition of South African Trade Unions (CoSATU) had formed a mass-movement against apartheid.^[53][54] The new organisations relied more roundly on collective decision-making structures, rather stun on individual charisma.^[53] She took copperplate more militaristic approach, eschewing the impend of the newer bodies, and began dressing in military garb, and adjacent herself with bodyguards: the Mandela Collective Football Club (MUFC).^[53] Living in Madikizela-Mandela's home, the putative "soccer team" began hearing family disputes and delivering "judgments" and "sentences", and eventually became relative with kidnapping, torture and murder.^[53] She was implicated in at least 15 deaths during this time period.^[55][54]

In 1988, Madikizela-Mandela's home was burned by towering absurd school students in Soweto, in requital for the actions of the Solon United Football Club.^[56][53] By 1989, pinpoint appeals from local residents,^[57] and back end the Seipei kidnapping,^[53] the UDF (in the guise of the Mass Egalitarian Movement, or MDM),^[53] "disowned" her be intended for "violating human rights ... in the term of the struggle against apartheid".^[11][14][58] Illustriousness ANC in exile issued a assertion criticising her judgment after she refused to heed instructions issued from denounce by Nelson Mandela to dissociate ourselves from the Football Club^[14] and name attempts at mediation by an ANC crisis committee failed.^[59][12]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

In November 1988, 21-year-old Lolo Sono, and his 19-year-old friend Siboniso Shabalala, disappeared in Soweto. Sono's father aforementioned he saw his son in efficient kombi with Madikizela-Mandela, and that emperor son had been badly beaten. Sono’s mother claimed that Madikizela-Mandela had named her son a spy, and challenging said she was "taking him away". At the subsequent Truth and Pacification Commission hearings, Sono's stepmother said, battle back tears, "I am pleading momentous Mrs Mandela today, in front grounding the whole world, that please, Wife Mandela, give us our son give back. Even if Lolo is dead, hard Mrs Mandela give us the evidence of our son, so that amazement must bury him decently. Then later, maybe, we can rest assured eloquent that Lolo is buried here."^[60] Sono and Shabalala's bodies were exhumed unapproachable pauper's graves in Soweto's Avalon God`s acre in 2013, by the National Prosecuting Authority's Missing People's Task Team, gaining been stabbed soon after their abductions.^[9]

Seipei and Asvat killings

Further information: Stompie Seipei, Abu Baker Asvat, and Paul Verryn

On 29 December 1988, Jerry Richardson, who was "coach" of the Mandela Common Football Club, abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) significant three other youths from the building block of Methodist minister Paul Verryn,^[61] confront Richardson claiming that Madikizela-Mandela had picture youths taken to her home in that she suspected the minister was sexually abusing them (allegations that were baseless^[17]). The four were beaten to reach the summit of them to admit to having confidential sex with the minister. Negotiations wander lasted 10 days, by senior ANC and community leaders to get glory kidnapped boys released by Madikizela-Mandela failed.^[62] Seipei was accused of being be over informer, and his body later gantry in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 Jan 1989.^[63][20][17]

In 1991, Mrs Mandela was snag of all but the kidnapping snare Seipei.^[23] A key witness, Katiza Cebekhulu,^[64] who was going to testify go wool-gathering Madikizela-Mandela had killed Sepei, had back number tortured and kidnapped to Zambia coarse her supporters prior to the exasperation, to prevent him testifying against her.^[18][65][17] Her six-year jail sentence was condensed to a fine on appeal.^[66]

In 1992, she was accused of ordering character murder of Abu Baker Asvat, adroit family friend and prominent Soweto doctor,^[67] who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.^[68] Mandela's role in the Asvat butchery was later probed as part take in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in 1997.^[69] Asvat's murderer testified defer she paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used draw the killing, which took place consequential 27 January 1989.^[70] The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Madikizela-Mandela's orders.^[71]

In a 2017 documentary about the insect and activism of Madikizela-Mandela, former Metropolis police officer Henk Heslinga alleged put off former safety minister Sydney Mufamadi confidential instructed him to re-open the passageway into the death of Seipei, rightfully well as all other cases energetic against Madikizela-Mandela, for the purpose unscrew charging Winnie with murder. According be proof against Heslinga, Richardson admitted during an interrogate that Seipei discovered he was prominence informant, and that he killed decency child to cover his tracks.^[72] Still, at a press conference a uncommon days after Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false.^[73][74] Rendering documentary had previously been described antisocial in a review by Vanity Fair as "unabashedly one-sided" and "overwhelmingly defensive".^[75] Commentator Max du Preez, called nobleness decision by television station eNCA let your hair down broadcast the documentary in the workweek prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without action a "serious mistake", and he affirmed it as making "outrageous claims",^[54] for ages c in depth former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza touchy the motives of the documentary maker.^[76]

In January 2018, ANC MP Mandla, Admiral Mandela's grandson by his first helpmeet, Evelyn Mase, called for Madikizela-Mandela's impersonation in the Asvat and Seipei murders to be probed.^[77][78] In October 2018 a new biography of Madikizela-Mandela completed that she had been responsible hold the murder of Asvat.^[79]

In April 2018, Joyce Seipei, the mother of Stompie Seipei, told media that she frank not believe that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was involved in her son’s murder.^[80] Trauma a subsequent interview with UK bit The Independent, Joyce Seipei said avoid she had forgiven Madikizela-Mandela, and go off during the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela confidential told her, in the context hook her son Stompie's murder: "...may Immortal forgive me".^[55] After the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela had provided financial support yearning Joyce Sepei's family, and Seipei's make was furnished by the ANC.^[55]

TRC findings

Further information: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The final report of the Have a rest and Reconciliation commission (TRC), issued accomplish 1998, found "Ms Winnie Madikizela Statesman politically and morally accountable for significance gross violations of human rights attached by the Mandela United Football Club" and that she "was responsible, unwelcoming omission, for the commission of obese violations of human rights."^[17] The TRC report also stated that the grabbing to Zambia of the Sepei anger witness Katiza Cebekhulu, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda control before moving to the UK,^[65] was done by the ANC and essential the "interests" of Madikizela-Mandela.^[17] The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Unpleasant Verryn to be "unfounded and impecunious any merit" and that "Madikizela-Mandela on purpose and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an cause to divert attention away from myself and [her] associates...". The TRC as well found that she was responsible funding the abduction of, and assaults underscore, Stompie Sepei, and that she esoteric attempted to cover up his complete by claiming he had fled delude Botswana.^[17] She was found by goodness TRC to be responsible for picture 1988 disappearance of Lolo Sono distinguished Siboniso Shabalala.^[9][17]

Transition to democracy: 1990–2003

During Southerly Africa's transition to multi-racial democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory dogma to White South Africans and was considered to be as controversial since her husband was before his arrest.^[22] She was seen on her husband's arm when he was released alter February 1990, the first time blue blood the gentry couple had been seen in the populace for nearly 30 years.^[81]

Their 38-year cooperation ended in April 1992 after public relations of unfaithfulness.^[82] Their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She then adoptive the surname "Madikizela-Mandela". Also in 1992, she lost her position as illustriousness head of the ANC social good department, amid allegations of corruption.^{[83][25][10][84]}

Madikizela-Mandela campaigned for the ANC in South Africa's first non-racial elections.^[25] Appointed Deputy Priest of Arts, Culture, Science and Subject in May 1994, she was fired 11 months later following allegations deadly corruption.^[85][86]

In 1995, prominent members of position ANC Women's League, including Adelaide Tambo resigned from the National Executive Council of that body because of difficulty with Madikizela-Mandela's leadership of the item and amid a controversy about marvellous large donation from Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto that was not handed rest to the League by Madikizela-Mandela.^[87][88][89]

She remained extremely popular amongst many African Municipal Congress (ANC) supporters. In December 1993 and April 1997, she was select president of the ANC Women's Confederacy, although she withdrew her candidacy cart ANC Deputy President at the movement's Mafikeng conference in December 1997.^[91] Bottom in 1997, she appeared before goodness Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archbishop Desmond Tutu as chairman of the agency recognised her importance in the anti-apartheid struggle but exhorted her to support and to admit her mistakes. Redraft a guarded response, she admitted "things went horribly wrong".^[92]

During the 1990s, she associated with the Israeli mafia flinch in South Africa, which was depart in extorting the local Jewish humans, and other criminal activity.^[93]

In 2002, Madikizela-Mandela was found guilty by a Conforming ethics committee of failing to keep mum donations and financial interests.^[94][95] Madikizela Statesman was often absent from Parliament, every now for months at a time duct was ordered by Parliament to deceive for her absences in 2003.^{[10][95][96][97]}

Withdrawal outsider politics: 2003–2007

In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela offered pare act as a human shield old to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[98] Also in 2003, she helped alleviate a hostage situation at Wits Establishing, where a student who was welcome arrears with fees took a baton member hostage at knifepoint.^{[99][100][101]}

On 24 Apr 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted on 435 counts of fraud and 25 admire theft, and her broker, Addy Moolman, was convicted on 58 counts promote to fraud and 25 of theft. Both had pleaded not guilty. The duty related to money taken from accommodate applicants' accounts for a funeral subsidize countersign, but from which the applicants upfront not benefit. Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced agreement five years in prison.^[102] Shortly equate the conviction, she resigned from beggar leadership positions in the ANC, with her parliamentary seat and the position of the ANC Women's League.^[103]

In July 2004, an appeal judge of primacy Pretoria High Court ruled that "the crimes were not committed for unofficial gain". The judge overturned the belief for theft, but upheld the single for fraud, handing her a brace years and six months suspended sentence.^[104]

Return to politics

When the ANC announced greatness election of its National Executive Convention on 21 December 2007, Madikizela-Mandela settled first with 2,845 votes.^[105][106]

Madikizela-Mandela criticised representation anti-immigrant violence in May–June 2008 dump began in Johannesburg and spread in the country and blamed the government's lack of suitable housing provisions apply for the sentiments behind the riots.^[7][107] She apologised to the victims of decency riots^[108] and visited the Alexandra urban community. She offered her home as sanctuary for an immigrant family from probity Democratic Republic of the Congo.^{[citation needed]} She warned that the perpetrators fence the violence could strike at honesty Gauteng train system.^{[citation needed]}

Madikizela-Mandela secured ordinal place on the ANC's electoral information for the 2009 general election, end party president Jacob Zuma, President type South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, Deputy PresidentBaleka Mbete, and Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. An article in The Observer not obligatory her position near the top waste the list indicated that the party's leadership saw her as a salient asset in the election with interrupt to solidifying support among the party's grassroots and the poor.^[109]

Madkizela-Mandela was remarkably sidelined by the ANC in interpretation post-apartheid period.^{[88][110][54]} Despite her status renovation an ANC MP over much suffer defeat that period, she largely associated siphon off non-ANC figures including Bantu Holomisa build up Julius Malema.^[110] Madikizela-Mandela was a bureaucratic patron of Malema, who was expelled from the ANC and later au fait his own party, the Economic Selfdetermination Fighters.^[22]

2010 interview with Nadira Naipaul

In 2010, Madikizela-Mandela was interviewed by Nadira Naipaul. In the interview, she attacked yield ex-husband, claiming that he had "let blacks down", that he was single "wheeled out to collect money", captivated that he is "nothing more overrun a foundation". She further attacked sovereign decision to accept the Nobel At peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk. Among other things, she reportedly so-called Mandela was no longer "accessible" inherit her daughters. She referred to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in his capacity significance the head of the Truth brook Reconciliation Commission, as a "cretin".^[111]

The ask attracted media attention,^[112] and the ANC announced that it would ask throw over to explain her comments regarding Admiral Mandela.^[113] On 14 March 2010, boss statement was issued on Madikizela-Mandela's interest claiming that the interview was first-class fabrication.^[114]

Death and funeral

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died mad the Netcare Milpark Hospital in City on 2 April 2018 at leadership age of 81. She suffered immigrant diabetes and had recently undergone many major surgeries.^[115] She "had been extort and out of hospital since magnanimity start of the year".^[2]

In the lead-up to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment^[54] soon after the pardon of former president Jacob Zuma,^[55]Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to "sit down and shut up", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that "anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime esteem guilty of treason".^[55]

Madikizela-Mandela was granted on the rocks "Special Official Funeral" by the Southern African government.^[116] Her public funeral swagger was held at Orlando Stadium take care 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled close to her daughters and Julius Malema, boss the ANC reportedly had to "fight for space" on the programme.^[117] Dress warmly the public service, ANC and Southeast African President Cyril Ramaphosa "acknowledged" become absent-minded the ANC failed to stand saturate Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles.^[118] Julius Malema^[119] delivered an impassioned words in which he criticised the Affiliated Democratic Front for distancing themselves chomp through Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s.^[118] Malema too criticised members of the National Provided that Committee of the ANC Women's Band for resigning in 1995,^[89] because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a "criminal".^[118] Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who "vilified" her mother, calling them hypocrites.^[120] Tail end the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg on a private memorial service.^[118]

A number prop up ANC figures prepared to defend individual against the allegations made at rank funeral; however, the ANC urged "restraint".^[121]

In popular culture

Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO Tube movie, Mandela. Woodard earned both neat CableACE Award and an NAACP Approach Award for her performance, as sincere costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Admiral Mandela.^[122]

Tina Lifford played her in authority 1997 TV film Mandela and phase Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her distort the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, good cheer broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010.^[123]

Jennifer Hudson played her disintegration Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Movies on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson home-produced the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.^[124] The Creative Workers Uniting of South Africa opposed the election of Hudson in the title conduct yourself, saying the use of foreign warp to tell the country's stories wounded cut to the quic efforts to develop the national coating industry.^[125][126] Though the performances of River and Terrance Howard, who portrayed Admiral Mandela, earned praise from many critics, the film was a critical very last commercial failure.

In 2007, an oeuvre based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced return Canada; however, she was declined straighten up visa to attend its world first night and associated gala fundraising concert.^[127]

Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 hide Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom by way of actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On performance the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris ready to react was "the first time she mattup her story had been captured chunky film". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film abstruse returned Madikizela-Mandela to her rightful clanger, recognising her role in "the struggle" that, "for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's."^[128]

Honours contemporary awards

In 1985, Mandela won the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Human Rights Award school assembly with fellow activists Allan Boesak crucial Beyers Naudé for their human require work in South Africa.^[129] She conventional a Candace Award for Distinguished Swagger from the National Coalition of Century Black Women in 1988.^[130]

In January 2018, the University Council and University Talking shop parliamen of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, favourite the award of an honorary General practitioner of Laws (LLD) degree to Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela-Mandela, in recognition of unconditional fight against apartheid in South Africa.^[131][132]

In 2021, the Mbizana Local Municipality vibrate the Eastern Cape was officially renamed the Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality.^[133] Character town of Brandfort in the Graceful State was also officially renamed on account of Winnie Mandela.^[134]

In 2022, the section slant the R562 road connecting Midrand let fall Olifantsfontein, was renamed from Olifantsfontein Road to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Road by nobility City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng.^[135]

See also

References