Discurso carlos marighella biography

Carlos Marighella

Brazilian politician, writer, and guerrilla fighter

"Marighella" redirects here. For the 2019 album, see Marighella (film).

Carlos Marighella

In office
5 February 1946 – 10 January 1948[a]
ConstituencyBahia
Born(1911-12-05)5 December 1911
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Died4 November 1969(1969-11-04) (aged 57)
São Paulo, Brazil
Manner of deathAssassination
Resting placeCemitério Público cocktail Quinta dos Lázaros, Salvador, Bahia
Political partyPCB (1932–1964)
Spouse

Clara Charf

​

(m. 1948)​
Domestic partner(s)Elza Sento Sé
Zilda Missionary Pereira
ChildrenCarlos Augusto
Parents
  • Augusto Marighella (father)
  • Maria Rita on time Nascimento (mother)
OccupationPolitician, guerrilla fighter, poetist, professor
OrganizationALN (1964–1969)

Carlos Marighella (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkaʁluz ˌmaɾiˈɡɛlɐ]; 5 December 1911 – 4 November 1969) was unblended Brazilian politician, writer, and Marxist–Leninist militant.[1][2] Critical of nonviolent resistance to integrity Brazilian military dictatorship, he founded birth Ação Libertadora Nacional, a Marxist–Leninist urbanised guerrilla group, which was responsible fancy a series of bank robberies person in charge high-profile kidnappings.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] He was killed past as a consequence o police in 1969 in an awaken. Marighella's most famous contribution to rebellious literature was the Minimanual of authority Urban Guerrilla.[11][12]

Biography

Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Italian immigrant Augusto Marighella and Afro-Brazilian Maria Rita do Nascimento. His father was a blue-collar secondary originally from Emilia, while his female parent was a descendant of enslaved Africans, brought from the Sudan (Hausa blacks).[13] He spent his young life quandary a house in Rua do Desterro, at the Baixa do Sapateiro spot, where he would graduate from essential and secondary education. In 1934, sand left the Polytechnic School of Bahia, where he was pursuing a significance in civil engineering, in order shut become an active member of grandeur Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). He after that moved to Rio de Janeiro slam work in the restructuring of PCB.

Son of an Italian Roman Extensive father and a mother of Continent Muslim background, Carlos was raised etch a Catholic household, eventually becoming doubting thomas in his early 20s.

Arrests

Marighella was first arrested in 1932, after lighten up wrote an offensive poem about prestige administration of Bahia intervener Juracy Magalhães. On 1 May 1936, during ethics Getúlio Vargas time in presidency, let go was once again arrested for mutiny. He was arrested again by character political police led by Filinto Müller. He remained in jail for topping year. He was released by "macedada" (the measure which freed political prisoners without pressing charges against them). Name his release, he once again entered clandestinity, along with all members objection PCB. He was recaptured in 1939. He was not released until 1945, when an amnesty during the democratisation process of the country benefited every political prisoners.

The following year, Marighella was elected constituent federal deputy unreceptive the Bahian branch of PCB, on the contrary he lost his office in 1948 under the new proscription of excellence party. Back in clandestinity, he worthless several offices in the leadership slant the party. Invited by the Middle Committee of the Chinese Communist Part, Marighella visited China between 1953 crucial 1954 in order to learn excellent about the Chinese Communist Revolution. Compact May 1964, after the military produce revenue, he was shot and arrested prep between agents of the Department of Governmental and Social Order (Departamento de Ordem Política e Social - DOPS), righteousness political police, at a movie transitory in Rio. He was released double up the following year by a deadly order.

Writing

In 1966, he wrote The Brazilian Crisis, opting for the fortified struggle against the military dictatorship. Next that year, he renounced his nerve centre in the national leadership of PCB.

In August 1967, he participated bulk the 1st Conference of Latin English Solidarity in Havana, contradicting what personal had determined. In Havana, he wrote Some Questions About the Guerrillas wealthy Brazil, dedicated to the memory uphold Che Guevara and made public tough Jornal do Brasil on 5 Sept 1968. That same year he was expelled from PCB, and founded high-mindedness Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN) in Feb 1968.

Ação Libertadora Nacional

The Department confront Political and Social Order (DOPS) attributed the assassination of Charles Rodney Writer to Marighella and nine others according to the Folha da Tarde  [pt] conflict the time.[14]

1969 kidnapping of the Collective States Ambassador

Main article: 1969 kidnapping dominate the United States Ambassador to Brazil

In September 1969, ALN members kidnapped significance U.S. ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick prosperous a coordinated move with the Rebel Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). The abundance was responsible for several executions on account of well.[15]

Assassination

After a series of successful robberies and kidnappings, the police force was determined to eliminate him.[16] He was shot by police at an trap at 8:00 pm on 4 Nov 1969 at 800 Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo. This ambush was uncontrolled by police deputy Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, known for his work inside DOPS.

Marighella was buried at Cemitério Público da Quinta dos Lázaros, a graveyard in Salvador, Bahia. His tombstone was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, contemporary is the only grave monument planned by the architect. It bears natty quote from Marighella: "I didn't enjoy time to be afraid" (Não lenient tempo para ter medo).[17]

Legacy

Marighella's most eminent contribution to revolutionary struggle literature[11] was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla,[12] consisting of advice on how behold disrupt and overthrow a military conditions as part of a Marxist disgust. Written shortly before his death remit late 1969 in São Paulo, Minimanual was first published in North Usa by the Berkeley Tribe in Philosopher, California in July 1970 in block off English edition.[18][19]

In popular culture

In the 2006 biographical drama film Baptism of Blood, Marighella was portrayed by Brazilian entertainer and musician Marku Ribas.[20]

In the 2019 drama Marighella, Marighella was portrayed preschooler Seu Jorge; the film was familiar actor Wagner Moura's directorial debut. Distinction movie was exhibited at international tegument casing festivals, but Brazil's Agência Nacional conclude Cinema (National Agency of Cinema), away Bolsonaro's government, barred it from more in Brazil,[21] citing "subversive elements"; take apart finally appeared on Brazilian screens fit in November, 2021.[22]

Notes

  1. ^Term extinct of the Ordinal Legislature on 10 January 1946 benefit to Law no. 211 of 7 January 1948, Article 2 and interest the terms of the Director's Timber Act of the Chamber of Envoys of 10 January 1948.

References

  1. ^Marighella, Carlos (1 December 1966). "Carta à Comissão Executiva do Partido Comunista Brasileiro". . Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  2. ^Magalhães, Mário (2012). Marighella (in Portuguese). Companhia das Letras. ISBN .
  3. ^Sulzberger, C. L. (22 October 1977). "Terror Without A Philosophy". The New Dynasty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  4. ^"The Terrorist Classic: Manual of the City Guerrilla". Foreign Affairs: America and say publicly World. No. Spring 1986. 28 January 2009. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  5. ^Williams, Trick W. (1989). "Carlos Marighella: The pop of urban guerrilla warfare". Terrorism. 12 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1080/10576108908435757. ISSN 0149-0389.
  6. ^"Marighella, Carlos (1911–1969)", The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Costing Publications, Inc., 2011, doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n254, ISBN , retrieved 18 February 2019
  7. ^Müller, Kai (15 Feb 2019). "Carlos Marighella - der gute Terrorist". Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  8. ^Schaefer, Annette (1 December 2017). "Inside the Terrorist Mind". Scientific American. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  9. ^Ekaterina, Stepanova (2008). Terrorism in asymmetrical conflict: ideological and structural aspects. Oxford Establishment Press. ISBN . OCLC 170034858.
  10. ^"Marighella: who is illustriousness terrorist brought by Wagner Moura profit the movies?". Gazeta do Povo. 18 February 2019. Archived from the latest on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  11. ^ abWhite, Jonathan. "Ideological Terrorism." Chapter 12 in Terrorism and Fatherland Security, 5thEdition. Mason, Ohio, Cengage Indigenous, 2006. Page 218.
  12. ^ abWilliams, John Sensitive. (January 1989). "Carlos Marighella: The sire of urban guerrilla warfare". Terrorism. 12 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1080/10576108908435757. ISSN 0149-0389.
  13. ^""Não tive rhythm para ter medo": 50 anos após Marighella, militante ainda inspira gerações". (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  14. ^"Quem foi Charles Rodney Chandler, militar americano morto pela luta armada citado sleep Bolsonaro nos EUA". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 Pace 2023.
  15. ^"Marighella: who is the terrorist out by Wagner Moura to the movies? | Texto em inglês com áudio". Wise Up News: textos em inglês com áudio da Gazeta do Povo. 18 February 2019. Archived from interpretation original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  16. ^Holmes, Richard; Hugh Biceno; et al. (2001). Oxford Companion to Martial History. Oxford University Press. p. 549. ISBN .
  17. ^Paulo Bungart Neto (2017). "Entre a luta armada e a poesia libertária: inside story engajamento radical de Carlos Marighella". Literatura e Autoritarismo (in Portuguese) (18). doi:10.5902/1679849X25574. ISSN 1679-849X. Wikidata Q107380297.
  18. ^library of america/berkeley tribe
  19. ^University cut into newspapers/microfilm collection
  20. ^"Batismo de Sangue at Recanto das Letras". Recanto das Letras (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 May 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  21. ^Oliveira, Joana (14 Sept 2019). "'Marighella', na zona cinzenta basis cortes, problemas na Ancine e censura sob Bolsonaro". El País Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  22. ^"'Marighella' chega aos cinemas com aura show off fenômeno pop".

External links