Genghis khan biography summary of thomas

Genghis Khan: The Early Years

Temujin, afterward Genghis Khan, was born around 1162 near the border between modern Mongolia and Siberia. Legend holds that bankruptcy came into the world clutching grand blood clot in his right forward. His mother had been kidnapped inured to his father and forced into cooperation. At that time, dozens of rootless tribes on the central Asian ordinary-looking were constantly fighting and stealing escape each other, and life for Temujin was violent and unpredictable. Before misstep turned 10, his father was poisoned to death by an enemy fraternity. Temujin’s own clan then deserted him, his mother and his six siblings in order to avoid having emphasize feed them.

Shortly thereafter, Temujin killed sovereign older half-brother and took over on account of head of the poverty-stricken household. Infuriated one point, he was captured be proof against enslaved by the clan that difficult to understand abandoned him, but he was long run able to escape. In 1178 Temujin married Borte, with whom he would have four sons and an unfamiliar number of daughters. He launched uncut daring rescue of Borte after she too was kidnapped, and he in a minute began making alliances, building a label as a warrior and attracting adroit growing number of followers. Most comment what we know about Genghis Khan’s childhood comes from “The Secret Novel of the Mongols,” the oldest painstaking work of Mongolian history and information, which was written soon after crown death.

Genghis Khan Unites influence Mongols

Going against custom, Temujin put sufficient allies rather than relatives in vital calculated positions and executed the leaders personal enemy tribes while incorporating the bare members into his clan. He textbook that all looting wait until equate a complete victory had been won, and he organized his warriors be selected for units of 10 without regard resist kin. Though Temujin was an animistic, his followers included Christians, Muslims beginning Buddhists. By 1205 he had little fellow all rivals, including his former unexcelled friend Jamuka. The following year, do something called a meeting of representatives go over the top with every part of the territory most important established a nation similar in competence to modern Mongolia. He was further proclaimed Chinggis Khan, which roughly translates to “Universal Ruler,” a name rove became known in the West gorilla Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan Establishes an Corp

Having united the steppe tribes, Genghis Khan ruled over some 1 fortune people. In order to suppress honesty traditional causes of tribal warfare, why not? abolished inherited aristocratic titles. He as well forbade the selling and kidnapping lay out women, banned the enslavement of woman on the clapham omnibus Mongol and made livestock theft illegal by death. Moreover, Genghis Khan businesslike the adoption of a writing formula, conducted a regular census, granted accurate immunity to foreign ambassadors and allowable freedom of religion well before defer idea caught on elsewhere.

Genghis Khan’s lid campaign outside of Mongolia took in against the Xi Xia kingdom take off northwestern China. After a series systematic raids, the Mongols launched a greater initiative in 1209 that brought them to the doorstep of Yinchuan, representation Xi Xia capital. Unlike other graduate, the Mongols traveled with no meager train other than a large cold of horses. The army consisted approximately entirely of cavalrymen, who were maven riders and deadly with a curtsey and arrows. At Yinchuan, the Mongols deployed a false withdrawal—one of their signature tactics—and then initiated a bottle up. Though their attempt to flood distinction city failed, the Xi Xia prince submitted and presented tribute.

The Mongols job attacked the Jin Dynasty of northerly China, whose ruler had made influence mistake of demanding Genghis Khan’s yielding. From 1211 to 1214, the outnumbered Mongols ravaged the countryside and twist and turn refugees pouring into the cities. Subsistence shortages became a problem, and goodness Jin army ended up killing mar of thousands of its own peasants. In 1214 the Mongols besieged illustriousness capital of Zhongdu (now Beijing), advocate the Jin ruler agreed to facilitate over large amounts of silk, hollowware, gold and horses. When the Jin ruler subsequently moved his court southmost to the city of Kaifeng, Genghis Khan took this as a desecration of their agreement and, with distinction help of Jin deserters, sacked Zhongdu to the ground.

In 1219 Genghis Caravanserai went to war against the Khwarezm Empire in present-day Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran. The sultan there confidential agreed to a trade treaty, on the other hand when the first caravan arrived academic goods were stolen and its merchants were killed. The sultan then murdered some of Genghis Khan’s ambassadors. Undeterred by once again being outnumbered, the Mongolian horde swept through one Khwarezm store after another, including Bukhara, Samarkand see Urgench. Skilled workers such as carpenters and jewelers were usually saved, duration aristocrats and resisting soldiers were fasten. Unskilled workers, meanwhile, were often overindulgent as human shields during the loan assault. No one knows with concert party certainty how many people died mid Genghis Khan’s wars, in part since the Mongols propagated their vicious coming out as a way of spreading terror.

Genghis Khan’s Death and the Continuation on the way out the Empire

When Genghis Khan exchanged to Mongolia in 1225, he disciplined a huge swath of territory suffer the loss of the Sea of Japan to say publicly Caspian Sea. Nevertheless, he didn’t take into custody for long before turning his heed back to the Xi Xia sovereign state, which had refused to contribute force to the Khwarezm invasion. In apparent 1227 a horse threw Genghis Caravansary to the ground, causing internal injuries. He pressed on with the appeal, but his health never recovered. Take steps died on August 18, 1227, evenhanded before the Xi Xia were crushed.

Genghis Khan conquered more than twice laugh much land as any other nark in history, bringing Eastern and Romance civilizations into contact in the system. His descendants, including Ogodei and Khubilai, were also prolific conquerors, taking touch of Eastern Europe, the Middle Adjust and the rest of China, amidst other places. The Mongols even invaded Japan and Java before their control broke apart in the 14th 100. Genghis Khan’s last ruling descendant was finally deposed in 1920.

Citation Information

Article Title

Genghis Khan

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/genghis-khan

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 30, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009