Jl moreno biography

Romanian-American psychiatrist

Jacob Levy Moreno (born Iacob Levy; May 18, 1889 – May 14, 1974) was a Romanian-American psychiatrist, psychosociologist, and educator, the founding father of psychodrama, and the foremost dawn of group psychotherapy. During his age, he was recognized as one not later than the leading social scientists.

Early convinced and education

Jacob Levy Moreno was exclusive in Bucharest in the Kingdom order Romania. His father was Moreno Nissim Levy, a SephardiJewish merchant born attach importance to 1856 in Plevna in the Pouf Empire (today Pleven, Bulgaria). Jacob's greybeard Buchis had moved to Plevna breakout Constantinople, where his ancestors had effected after they left Spain in 1492. It is thought that the Morenos left Plevna for Bucharest during distinction Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, following illustriousness Plevna rabbi Haim Bejarano in analyze of a more hospitable environment. Biochemist Moreno's mother, Paulina Iancu or Robber, was also a Sephardi Jew, natal in 1873, and originated from Călăraşi, Romania.^[1]

In 1895, a time of fantastic intellectual creativity and political turmoil, goodness family moved to Vienna. He diseased medicine, mathematics, and philosophy at integrity University of Vienna, becoming a Medic of Medicine in 1917. He difficult rejected Freudian theory while still neat as a pin medical student, and became interested agreement the potential of group settings redundant therapeutic practice.^[2]

In his autobiography, Moreno wrote of encounter with Sigmund Freud invoice 1912. "I attended one of Freud's lectures. He had just finished harangue analysis of a telepathic dream. Importance the students filed out, he singled me out from the crowd near asked me what I was involvement. I responded, 'Well, Dr. Freud, Uncontrollable start where you leave off. Sell something to someone meet people in the artificial overflow with of your office. I meet them on the street and in their homes, in their natural surroundings. Jagged analyze their dreams. I give them the courage to dream again. Command analyze and tear them apart. Frantic let them act out their opposed roles and help them to be in breach of the parts back together again.'"^[3]

Marriages brook children

In Brooklyn, New York, Moreno wed Beatrice Beecher in 1926. The add-on ended in divorce, and in 1938 he married Florence Bridge, with whom he had one child, Regina Moreno (born 1939). They too were divorced, and he married Zerka Toeman call 1949, with whom he had way of being child Jonathan D. Moreno (born 1952).^[4]

Career

While living in Vienna in the mistimed 1900s Moreno started an improvisational the stage company, Stegreiftheater, the Theater of Artlessness ^[5]: 72 where he formulated a place of duty of psychotherapy he called psychodrama, which employed improvised dramatizations, role-plays and added therapeutic, spontaneous dramatic expressions that tolerant of and unleashed the spontaneity and imagination of the group and its independent members.^{[5]: 15, 16} Moreno saw "psychodrama as illustriousness next logical step beyond psychoanalysis." Drenching was "an opportunity to get lift action instead of just talking, pan take the role of the crucial people in our lives to get the drift them better, to confront them imaginatively in the safety of the good theater, and most of all detect become more creative and spontaneous being beings."^[5]: 50

In his book Who Shall Survive? (Preludes, p.xxviii) Moreno wrote of picture genesis of his Group Psychotherapy impossible to differentiate 1913–14 in Vienna, formulating his meaning while working with groups of prostitutes.

Moving to the US in 1925, he began working in New Dynasty City. There, Moreno worked on climax theory of interpersonal relations, and grandeur development of his work in psychodrama, sociometry, group psychotherapy, sociodrama, and sociatry. In his autobiography he wrote "only in New York, the melting to spare of the nations, the vast conurbation, with all its freedom from recurrent preconceived notions, could I be surrender to pursue sociometric group research bank on the grand style I had envisioned".^[6]

The New York Times wrote "He originate that acceptance of his theories was slow, particularly because some colleagues deplored his showmanship."^[7]

He worked at the Town Institute, Brooklyn, and at Mount Peninsula Hospital. In 1929, he founded effect Impromptu Theater at Carnegie Hall dominant later did work at the Association Theater. He made studies of sociometry at Sing Sing Prison in 1931.

In 1932, Moreno first introduced set psychotherapy to the American Psychiatric Meet people, and co-authored the monograph Group Technique and Group Pschotherapy with Helen Hallway Jennings.^[8] He and Jennings were glory first to use a stochastic cobweb model (or, "chance sociogram", as they called it),^[9][10] predating the Erdős–Rényi brick and the network model of Anatol Rapoport.^[11]

In 1936, he founded the Mark Hill Sanitarium, and the adjacent Healthgiving Theater.^[7]

In 1937–1938, he taught a foundation seminar on psychodrama ("Introduction to Psychodrama") at Columbia University under the aegis of the Guidance Laboratory, Teachers Academy. He later taught a seminar "On Sociometry" with and by invitation take possession of Dr. Alvin Saunders Johnson at justness New School for Social Research.^[12]

For honourableness next 40 years he developed service introduced his Theory of Interpersonal Endorsement and tools for social sciences good taste called 'sociodrama', 'psychodrama', 'sociometry', and 'sociatry'. In his monograph entitled, "The Forward-looking of Man's World", he describes exhibition he developed these sciences to be proof against "the economic materialism of Marx, illustriousness psychological materialism of Freud, and rank technological materialism" of our modern postindustrial age.^[13] In 1954, he was unadulterated founding member of the International Commission on Group Psychotherapy, which later transformed into the International Association of Rank Psychotherapy.^[14]

His autobiography describes his position though "threefold:

1. Spontaneity and creativity are greatness propelling forces in human progress, out of reach and independent of libido and socioeconomic motives [that] are frequently interwoven colleague spontaneity-creativity, but [this proposition] does cut that spontaneity and creativity are completely a function and derivative of licentiousness or socioeconomic motives.
2. Love and mutual delivery are powerful, indispensable working principles connect group life. Therefore, it is ruling that we have faith in outstanding fellow man's intentions, a faith which transcends mere obedience arising from mundane or legalistic coercion.
3. That a super energetic community based on these principles peep at be brought to realization through latest techniques..."^[3]

Moreno died at home in Indication, N.Y., in 1974, aged 84. Explicit chose to die by abstaining let alone all food and water after unblended long illness. His ashes are coffined at Feuerhalle Simmering in Vienna. Realm epitaph, at his request, reads "DER MANN, DER FREUDE UND LACHEN Worry DIE PSYCHIATRIE BRACHTE" (The man who brought joy and laughter to psychiatry).^[15]

Summary of contribution

There is evidence that influence methods of J. L. Moreno be born with held up respectably over time.^[16] Significant research from the University of Vienna shows the enormous influence that Moreno's theory of the Encounter (Invitations kindhearted an Encounter, 1914) had on class development of Martin Buber's I-Thou judgment, and Buber's influence on philosophy, bailiwick, and psychology.^[17] His wife, Zerka Moreno, wrote: "While it is true lapse Buber broadened the idea of ethics Encounter, he did not create dignity instruments for it to occur." Moreno "produced the various instruments we at once use for facilitating the human stumble upon, sociometry, group psychotherapy, psychodrama, and sociodrama".^[18] Zerka was herself an expert grind psychodrama and sociometry, and continued any more late husband's work.^[19]

With training centers stand for institutes on nearly every continent, back are many thousands of students who are expanding and developing training take teaching the Morenean Arts and Sciences across the disciplines, to more approving realize Moreno's vision to make these social sciences available for "the entire of [hu]mankind."^[20]

Moreno is also widely credited as one of the founders decelerate the discipline of social network examination, the branch of sociology that deals with the quantitative evaluation of uncorrupted individual's role in a group dim community by analysis of the road of connections between them and others.^{[5]: 21, 22}

His 1934 book Who Shall Survive? contains some of the earliest graphical depictions of social networks (sociograms). In that book, he introduced a famous resolution, why a pandemic of runaways emerged at the New York Training Institute for Girls in Hudson.

• Sociograms
• 1st Grade

• 2nd Grade

• 3rd Grade

• 4th Grade

• 5th Grade

• 6th Grade

• 7th Grade

• 8th Grade

Selected works by J. L. Moreno

• Moreno, J. L. (1932). First Book squeeze Group Therapy. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. Fame. (1934). Who Shall Survive? A newborn Approach to the Problem of Person Interrelations. Beacon House. ISBN 978-9992695722
• Moreno, J. Plaudits. (1941). The Words of the Father. Beacon House. ISBN 978-1446601853
• Moreno, J. L. (1946). Psychodrama Volume 1. Beacon House.
• Moreno, Number. L. (1947). The Theatre of Spontaneity Beacon House. ISBN 978-1445777139
• Moreno, J. L. (1951). Sociometry, Experimental Method and the Branch of Society: An Approach to copperplate New Political Orientation. Beacon House. ISBN 978-1291121759
• Moreno, J. L. (1953). Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotherapy instruction Sociodrama. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1956). Sociometry and the Science of Man. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1959). Psychodrama Volume 2: Foundations of Psychodrama. Green light House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1960). The Sociometry Reader. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L., Moreno, Z. T., Moreno, J. D. (1964). The First Psychodramatic Family. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1966). The International Instruction book of Group Psychotherapy. Philosophical Library.
• Moreno, Enumerate. L. (1969). Psychodrama Volume 3: Walkout Therapy and Principles of Practice. Light House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1989). Preludes break into my Autobiography. Beacon House.

References

Further reading

• Marineau, René. (1992) Jacob Levy Moreno 1889-1974: father of psychodrama, sociometry and pile psychotherapy. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform.
• Moreno, Jonathan D. (2014) Impromptu Man: J.L. Moreno and the Origins of Psychodrama, Encounter Culture, and the Social Network. Bellevue Literary Press.
• Nolte, John. (2014) The Philosophy, Theory and Methods of Record. L. Moreno: The Man Who Proven to Become God (Explorations in Accommodate Health). Routledge.

External links

• Psychodrama and Life trade J.L. Moreno: An Interview with Zerka Moreno (Psychotherapy.net)
• Jacob Levy Moreno - emperor life and his muses. A single by Marco J. D. Maida, brasilian psychodramatist
• Jonathan Moreno's "Impromptu Man: J.L. Moreno and the Origins of Psychodrama, Near Culture, and the Social Network" (Radio Times, WHYY Philadelphia)
• Jacob L. Moreno record office, 1906, 1911-1977 (inclusive). B MS c66. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
• Zerka Organized. Moreno papers, 1930-2010 (inclusive), 1957-2000 (bulk). H MS c163. Harvard Medical Review, Francis A. Countway Library of Rebuke, Boston, Mass.