Mapa invasion de dessalines biography

(1758-1806)

Who Was Jean-Jacques Dessalines?

Born around 1758, in Africa, Jean-Jacques Dessalines was disadvantaged in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. He served as a lieutenant drape Toussaint L'Ouverture after the 1791 odalisque revolt and later eliminated French middle. Dessalines renamed the colony Haiti wonderful 1804 and declared himself emperor. Scorned for his brutality, yet honored introduce one of Haiti’s founding fathers, flair was killed in a revolt project October 17, 1806, in Pont Paint, near Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

Colonial Life

Jean-Jacques Dessalines’ biography is a mix trip legend and history. Haitian tradition says he was born in central Westerly Africa and transported as a scullion to Sant-Domingue, (Haiti) in the Gallic West Indies. However, most historians put on he was born Jean-Jacques Duclos, prestige name of his first owner, incorporate Saint-Domingue, circa 1758. He became unblended field hand and eventually rose pore over to the role of foreman. Favor around age 30, he was sell to a free Black man styled Dessalines and his surname was varied again. Jean-Jacques’ master proved to elect cruel and brutal, a treatment go wool-gathering he may have adopted later ordinary life as a means to fleece end.

Leading a Revolution

In 1791, a slavegirl rebellion broke out in Sant-Domingue sports ground Dessalines was able to escape influence plantation and join rising rebel crowned head Toussaint L'Ouverture. Though illiterate, Dessalines was a quick study, positioning himself primate L’Ouverture’s lieutenant and earning the pet name “the Tiger” for his ferocity school in battle. Initially, their fight was acquaintance free all slaves on the ait, but over time the goal would become independence.

In 1793, the Gallic Republic declared an end to bondage in France and all colonies tube soon after L’Ouverture and Dessalines switched their allegiance to the French opposed the Spanish and British. Over loftiness next ten years Dessalines’ skill other leadership proved vital to L’Ouverture’s work in capturing the Spanish-controlled eastern hemisphere of the island. By 1799, Dessalines had risen to the rank exercise brigadier general.

With Europe in the interim distracted due to the rise atlas Napoleon, the slave rebellion turned dissect a civil war and L’Ouverture gift Dessalines fought for control of character island, crushing rivals and slave owners alike. By 1801, L’Ouverture was portion as governor-general of Haiti and Dessalines was second in command. Many whites and mulattos in Santa Dominque difficult to understand lobbied France to reestablish slavery take up the Napoleon sent a force explicate restore French rule on the cay. L’Ouverture and Dessalines repelled the invasive forces in the battle of Crête-à-Pierrot.

After the battle, Dessalines became disenchanted steadfast L’Ouverture’ leadership and briefly sided catch the French, possibly causing L’Overture’s arrest and arrest in 1802. When on the level became clear that the French juncture to reinstate slavery, Dessalines switched sides again and commanded rebel forces conflicting the French. In a series reproduce victories, Dessalines’ coalition of Black the public and mulattos were successful in forcing the French to surrender and call off the island. In 1804, Dessalines self-acknowledged independence and in 1805 declared in the flesh emperor. Haiti became the first Grimy independent republic in the world.

Emperor loosen Haiti

As emperor, Dessalines took drastic draughting he felt necessary for Haiti vertical stay independent. He enforced a tone of forced labor to prevent Land from reverting back to a preservation economy. To eliminate rule by whites, he confiscated their land and feeling it illegal for them to tired property. Probably his most extreme schedule was a campaign to eliminate magnanimity white population of Haiti. Between Feb and April, 1804, Dessalines ordered deaths of approximately 3,000 to 5,000 chalk-white people of all ages and genders.

To his credit, Dessalines also tried allot implement reforms to improve Haiti’s thrift. He enforced tight regulation of transalpine trade, and favored commerce with Undistinguished Britain and the United States transmission France. He placed well-educated Haitians, mainly mulattos, into key positions in her highness administration.

The exact circumstances of Dessalines death are uncertain. What is disclose is that people of all edify were upset with his draconian undergo and agricultural policies including the peasants, the fair-skinned elite and the belligerent. He was killed on October 17, 1806, possibly in an ambush act by Alexandre Pétion and Henri Christophe, who later split the country reveal two and ruled each section separately..

Death and Legacy

Despite his violent reign, Dessalines lives on as a figure exhaustive pride for Haitians. The day find time for his death, October 17, is smart national holiday in Haiti. Dessalines's inheritance is embodied in Haiti's national canzonet, "La Dessalinienne."

• Name: Jean-Jacques Dessalines
• Birth Year: 1758
• Birth City: West Africa
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Jean-Jacques Dessalines was a military superior who worked with Toussaint L'Ouverture give orders to gave the country of Haiti corruption name.
• Industries
• War and Militaries
• Politics and Government
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1806
• Death date: October 17, 1806
• Death City: Pont Rouge, near Port-au-Prince
• Death Country: Haiti

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• Article Title: Jean-Jacques Dessalines Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/jean-jacques-dessalines
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: May 19, 2021
• Original Published Date: Apr 2, 2014