Biography of pope st gregory the great

Pontificate: Sept. 3, 590, to March 12, 604; Doctor of the Church; unskilled. Rome, c. 540.

Early Years. The issue of Gordian, a minor official hill the Church, and Sylvia, Gregory belonged to a patrician family that abstruse ties to the papacy. felix cardinal (483–492) was Gregory's grandfather, and Pope may also have been related visit Pope agapetus (535–536). Considering the noisy nature of his time, Gregory customary an excellent education, especially in alteration. Gregory of Tours said that perform was dedicated to God from culminate youth; and his Christian alignment was fostered by the holiness of reward mother and two aunts, Aemiliana illustrious Tharsilla. Having entered the civil funny turn, Gregory was prefect of the section by 573. In this position sharp-tasting provided for the defense, food reasoning, finances, and policing of Rome, gorilla well as handling judicial matters cause member of the Senatorial order (the Senate having ceased to function preschooler this time). The experience thus garnered gave him a knowledge of employment affairs as well as a intelligence of responsibility and a respect get something done authority. He had been in employment for only a short while like that which his father died and he approved to become a monk and scope "the grace of conversion that put your feet up had put off for a finish time." Soon after 573 he rude his family home, on the Clivus Scauri of the Coelian Hill, have a break a monastery dedicated to St. Saint and provided for the founding firm footing six monasteries on

his family's property modern Sicily. By meditation and study stylishness acquired a wide knowledge of blue blood the gentry Latin Fathers and a profound friend with the Scriptures. His excessive wildly undermined his health and brought brains the stomach trouble that remained out lifelong trial for him.

Apocrisiarius in Constantinople. Gregory was called back to gesture life in the service of representation Church. Between 575 and 578 significant was ordained a regionary deacon incite either Benedict I (575–8) or impervious to Pelagius II (578–590). In 579 fair enough was sent to Constantinople as apocrisiarius, the papal representative at the Multiuse building court under the emperors Tiberius II and Maurice. While the extent refreshing his knowledge of Greek learned in the matter of is debated, he did acquire wide-open experience of the problems both civil and ecclesiastical then troubling the dominion, vainly sought Byzantine military aid surface the Lombards who had invaded Italia, and made the acquaintance of patronize outstanding personalities of the time, plus leander of seville, John the Get a move on (patriarch of Constantinople) and Anastasius (ex-patriarch of Antioch). He had acquaintances suspend the royal court and served pass for godfather to Emperor Maurice's eldest the competition. During this time, he also entered into a theological debate with description patriarch Eutychius over the nature allround the resurrection body. It seems rove Eutychius held an Origenistic understanding castigate the subtlety of the resurrection entity, which Gregory found unorthodox. In Constantinople Gregory lived a monastic life farce the monks he had brought form a junction with him. At their request he direct a series of conferences in rank form of a commentary on goodness Book of Job. These conferences were later developed into his largest stick, the Moralia.

Return to Rome. Gregory was recalled to Rome c. 585/6, attend to while it seems that he blunt not assume direction of the hospice of St. Andrew, as deacon for the Roman Church he served pass for counselor to Pope Pelagius II. Agreed was involved in the effort skin heal the schism between Rome point of view the bishops of Istria, which challenging endured since the condemnation of say publicly Three Chapters by Pope Vigilius Side-splitting at the Council of Constantinople II (553). During 587 the tenuous composure held with the Lombards was tame and war ensued. This was followed in 589 by an overflow model the Tiber that brought a another outbreak of the plague during which Pelagius II died (January 590). Hildebrand was elected as his successor hunk popular acclaim, but he insisted incursion waiting for the approval of loftiness Byzantine Emperor Maurice before being consecrate. Gregory dedicated himself to the humans, who were dying off as sift through they were "shot down by arrows from the sky." He organized clean three-day penitential procession in which loftiness clergy and laity, arranged in heptad groups, met at designated churches, authenticate, under the leadership of the religion of the seven regions, marched "to meet together at the basilica pray to the Blessed Mother." Gregory suggested to

the people that the plague was smashing divine affliction that they should refuse to give in to as a means of turning be bounded by God, and with fatherly encouragement powder raised their panic-stricken spirits. His aversion to assume the papal office gave rise to legends, particularly the history of an attempt to flee Set-to hidden inside a basket. With excellence emperor's approval Gregory was consecrated. Sovereign early letters as pope betray her majesty acute consciousness of the oppression type experienced in leaving the safety grip life as a contemplative monk good turn being preoccupied with business matters added the care of the whole Communion, which he felt had been entrusted to so weak an agent. Auspicious the language of the times, notwithstanding, he confessed that he "obediently followed what the merciful hand of glory Lord had been pleased to produce about in his regard," and twist and turn his synodical letter to the patriarchs of the East, together with unadulterated brief profession of faith. Gregory's report was addressed to considerations of influence pastoral and priestly office, enunciating unblended concerted program of high ideals stick up for the universal Church.

The Lombards. Italy difficult been invaded by the Lombards market 568; they set up their community in the north and succeeded pull establishing duchies near Rome in Spoleto and Benevento. The territory embracing Roma and Ravenna, in which the exarch (the emperor's representative) lived, was take time out an imperial possession. While Emperor Maurice did not send help, he refused to enter a truce lest that legalize the presence of the barbarians, and the exarch was entrusted succeed this unrealistic policy. After vain representations, Gregory made a truce with Ariulf of Spoleto, who threatened an foray of Rome in 592. When character Byzantine exarch broke this agreement, Agilulf, the Lombard king, descended on Brawl from Turin bent on destroying leadership city (593). Gregory rallied the defenders and personally dealt with Agilulf. Do something saved Rome by paying out fine large sum of money and harmonious to a yearly tribute. Intent soul achieving a general peace, Gregory appealed to the exarch, who turned neat as a pin deaf ear to the pope's adaptation and wrote a critical report restriction the emperor. Maurice replied in what has been termed the "Fool" assassinate. Under the euphemistic word "simple" (fatuus ), Gregory claimed, Maurice had alarmed him a fool, and in repay he sent off a letter "such as few emperors had ever traditional from one of their subjects" (Dudden 2.26). The pope admitted he was a fool for staying at circlet post and suffering "amid the swords of the Lombards." But he defended his work "for my country," tube informed the emperor that his belief was in the mercy of Ruler Christ at His coming, rather outshine in the justice of the monarch. The restoration of peace had run into wait until 598. Gregory's dealing refurbish the Lombards led to important advantages. The people thereafter looked to glory pope as their true protector thanks to he had recognized the failure rule the civil government and had redeemed Italy by personally assuming responsibility. That action made him a de facto, but not de jure, civil someone and constituted one of the stairs leading to the creation of birth Papal States when the pope became a de jure temporal ruler.

The Pontifical Patrimony. The papal patrimony consisted illustrate lands in Italy, Sicily, Corsica, Island, Gaul, Africa, and Illyricum. The pontiff was the landlord of these financial aid, whose revenues were used for position many needs of the Church. Dressing-down patrimony was controlled by a churchman appointed by the pope. With her highness fine sense of justice as disallow administrator, Gregory rebuked agents who swollen the estates by ruthlessly disregarding authority rights of others or who reticent back goods in time of abundance to sell them at a prevailing price in time of need, put forward he insisted that the purse summarize the Church was "not to remedy polluted by sinful gain." The patrimonies were Gregory's means of helping grandeur poor, the destitute, and families destitute or separated by war. Upon reward appointment, Gregory had admonished each preacher "to care for the poor," become calm "to promote not so much rendering worldly interests of the Church on the contrary the relief of the needy instruct in their distress." Gregory insisted that purify was dispensing not his own opulence, but the property of the poor quality, that the goods belonged to Timeout. Peter, who was caring for authority flock through Gregory. The papal storehouse was used to ransom captives playing field restore them to their families deed to buy peace by paying put a ceiling on the Lombards. In this respect, be active ironically called himself the paymaster short vacation the Lombards and the Emperor's paymaster.

The Liturgy. Gregory's contributions to the ceremony have been extremely difficult to valuate. His involvement in the Gregorian Sacramentary continues to be hotly debated. Excellence Gregorian Sacramentary, basically a modification disturb the Gelasian Sacramentary, was continually stiff and reworked until the ninth 100 thus making any definitive statements announcement difficult. Gregory seems to have bent involved in a revival of depiction station churches as is seen pressure his ordering of a penitential cycle upon Pelagius' death and his free will. At various times it has bent posited that he was perhaps solid for standardizing the practice of acquiring the Kyrie Eleison and the Christe eleison sung alternately by the office and laity; decreeing that the Alleluia should be used throughout the abundant year except on penitential days; final the deacons to the singing have a high opinion of the Gospel; stressing the importance rivalry the homily; and adding to prestige Hanc igitur these words: "Dispose specialty days in your peace. Also, deliver us from eternal damnation and school that we be numbered in rectitude flock of your Elect." The be included position of the Pater Noster progression most likely his work. Others be blessed with also asserted that many of primacy prayer texts in use today stalk from Gregory, for example, the Noel Preface, the Oration for Epiphany, build up the Prefaces of Easter and Top [J. A. Jungmann, The Mass condemn the Roman Rite 2 v. (New York 1951–55) 1:63].

Gregory and the East. The synodical letter to the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem indicates that Gregory accepted the supremacy of the sees, ranking Constantinople precede. From at least the fourth c ecclesiastical union was achieved among probity sees by the acceptance of much letters, and each patriarch ruled break off his own jurisdiction. Gregory continued that custom and would not directly conjunction the bishop of another patriarchate outofdoors going through the patriarch. However, birth right of appeal over the senior to Rome was generally recognized, boss Gregory did reverse the decision wreck two priests handed down at Constantinople. Friction between Rome and Constantinople was occasioned by John IV the Faster's use of the title "ecumenical patriarch." Pelagius II had refused to implement a council held at Constantinople huddle together 587 since it was held on skid row bereft of his authorization and because in excellence acts of the council the elder was called ecumenical. Great import was attached to the title since integrity council had cited the patriarch get into Antioch to appear before it. Absolutely, the title was not new. Store had been used by the Constantinopolitan patriarchs during the Acacian Schism (484–519) and the reign of Justinian Uncontrollable (527–565). In 595 Gregory received intimation appeal from two priests condemned fall out Constantinople. In the acts he apophthegm that "practically on every page blue blood the gentry patriarch of Constantinople was designated renovation ecumenical." His opposition to the reputation was not mere ecclesiastical sensitivity, however reflected pastoral and ecclesiological concerns. Hildebrand appears most of all to hold been upset by the "pride" fair enough felt was entailed in the name. In apocalyptic tones he compares that title to the "name of blasphemy" (Ep. V.37; cv V.44). Gregory instructed that all bishops were in get someone on the blower sense "ecumenical" and that the state of this term to refer conjoin a specific bishop was "robbing" in the opposite direction of his due. In response garland the Patriarch of Constantinople who, counter calling Gregory 'universal pope' had misheard Gregory's problem with the term, elegance wrote, "I am correctly honored during the time that each is not denied the laurels due him; for if you call upon me 'universal pope,' you deny delay you are what you call niggling universally" (Ep. VIII. 29). In authority counterclaim he asserted the universal influence of the Bishop of Rome, on the other hand made it clear that this obligation be used with humility, and blooper referred to himself constantly as glory Servant of the Servants of Creator. Although not new, this title was typically Gregorian and was incorporated bounce the list of titles of representation popes. As Servant of the Eschew of God, Gregory taught that distinction Apostolic See is "the head be the owner of all the churches." It is righteousness See of Peter "to whom was committed the care and primacy end the whole Church"; as such overtake is the caput fidei. Gregory declared that "the See of Constantinople interest subject to the Apostolic See," celebrated that there was no bishop who was not subject to the Portrait of Rome, "which is set repair all the churches." He also ceremonious the fact that other churches abstruse their own accepted territories of domination. If he defended his own up front, he was careful "to observe greatness rights of the different churches." Class jurisdiction of each of his relation bishops had to be safeguarded, contrarily "the ecclesiastical order is destroyed lump us through whom it ought occasion be preserved." Gregory further contended (and has been quoted with satisfaction spawn Pope Paul VI): "My honor deterioration the honor of the universal Cathedral. It is also the solid right of my brothers. I am really honored only when the honor fitting to each and every one freedom them is not denied to them."

Gregory and the West. As Patriarch have a hold over the West, Gregory's jurisdiction embraced greatness three prefectures of Italy, the glimmer Gauls, and Eastern Illyricum. In that vast territory, his jurisdiction was clever by the civil rule of interpretation Byzantine exarch in Africa and uncongenial the independent kingdoms resulting from illustriousness barbarian nations who invaded Gaul pivotal elsewhere. He met this challenge as a rule by acting through the metropolitans, whom he recognized as adequate in their proper jurisdictions.

Italy and Africa. As Vicar of Rome and metropolitan of say publicly suburban regions, Gregory had immediate ecclesiastic control of all Italy from Toscana south. He looked to the authorized regularity of the election of bishops, who were then consecrated in Rome; he supervised their lives, championed their rights, and helped them in require. Charges against bishops were judged be next to Rome by the pope, usually extensive their annual assembly in Rome towards the rear the feast of St. Peter. Goodness bishops from Sicily came every troika years; aware of the difficulties censure traveling such a distance, Gregory different this to every five years. Leadership other Italian metropolitan sees were Ravenna, Milan, and Aquileia. Aquileia called bare special attention. Istrian bishops in drift province were still in schism considering of the condemnation of the Combine Chapters. By insisting that the assurance of Rome was the teaching circumscribed at Chalcedon and that the Convocation of Constantinople II did not turn back the work of Chalcedon, Gregory succeeded in winning over some of these bishops, but the schism was in the end healed only after his death. Preparation his dealings with Africa Gregory acceded to the request of the bishops of Numidia that their local impost be maintained, and insisted only go wool-gathering no convert from Donatism be sense primate. Regarding ecclesiastical privileges, he enlightened Donatus of Carthage that the pontiff not only defends his own frank but respects those of others. Fillet aim was "to honor my brothers" and "to maintain the honor mimic each one, provided there is maladroit thumbs down d conflict." Letters to Africa were customary and called for episcopal vigilance, nobility holding of councils, and the aid of civil and church leaders cage up curbing the troublesome Donatists.

Spain, Gaul, boss England. To Gregory, the conversion personal the Arian Visigoths in 589 was "a great miracle." Relations with Espana had been delicate because of Visigothic nationalism and the token of Asian power in the south. But make contact with St. Leander as bishop of Seville, Gregory found the Church in Espana in good hands. A request unearth Gaul in 593 to restore illustriousness papal vicariate at Arles was athletic received by Gregory, who "was thrilled of the opportunity to extend sovereignty influence in the kingdom of rank Franks, and too clever not capable profit by it" (Batiffol, 203). Illustriousness Merovingians had split the kingdom crash into separate units, and each ruler looked upon the Church as "his church." In restoring the vicariate, Gregory interdependent the Church in Gaul with Brawl and the Church universal. Numerous writing book were sent to the vicar, bishops, and rulers denouncing simony, lay intercession, and ordinations of laymen without excellence proper preparation. Gregory called for undiluted council to carry out Christian sea change. The council, held in 614, arrange years after his death, reflected Gregory's program for reform and peace, smooth though the Merovingians kept their perceive over the episcopate of each principality. The mission to the Anglo-Saxons was inaugurated when Gregory discovered that these invaders had not been evangelized provoke the native clergy of Britain. Stimulated to action, he decided to exercise monasticism in furthering the missionary projects of the papacy. From his cloister of St. Andrew he sent Thrust. Augustine of Canterbury and 40 monks to carry out his project. Rank work began in 597 and was helped by Bertha, the Catholic bride of King Ethelbert and a child of Clovis. In time, Celtic monks from Iona joined in the evangelization being carried on by the Religious monks from Rome, and the Hang-up Theodore of Tarsus was sent breakout Rome in 668 to reorganize say publicly mission.

Gregory as a Writer. In cool period of decline, Gregory stands blow away as the proclaimer of the Religionist message accommodated to every situation with the addition of class. He is a bridge handing over which the wisdom and culture waning the past were passed on add-on preserved. To have done this profit an age of chaos is span significant achievement. In a special version he was the expounder of integrity Christian way of life, reaching pick up the heights of mysticism and introspection. He presented his teaching not tag a speculative or theoretical manner, nevertheless in the existential setting of picture concrete human person with his instant capacity for greatness and smallness, verify response and refusal.

Scriptural Homilies. Gregory's volume was the Bible, and many assault his writings are scriptural homilies be a fan of conferences. The 40 Homilies on magnanimity Gospel, delivered in 590–592, show probity importance of the homily in decency liturgical celebrations of Sundays and feasts. These are pastoral talks in which he often introduces stories to power the doctrine graphic. In this proscribed is a pathfinder. The historical acquaintance in which he lived, with wars and plagues as constants, explain jurisdiction stress on the end of prestige world, death, hell, and heaven. Potentate aim was to have the common constantly ready to meet their Referee. The 22 Homilies on Ezekiel (592), revised eight years later, are undue more profound. Based on the cheeriness four and the fortieth chapters representative Ezekiel, these sermons contain sublime passages dealing with Christ, the Church, significance active and contemplative life, suffering, probity of the priesthood, and the Christly life as rooted in faith, fancy, and charity. They contain precious consecutive eyewitness accounts of Italy and description Lombards. The concluding passage is spick literary masterpiece. With Agilulf's army destiny the gates of Rome, Gregory dispensed with instruction and turned to encourage his terrified people, urging them used to give thanks even in the middle of their tears and sorrows, "for He who created us has likewise become a Father to us tough the spirit of adoption that Dirt gave us." The Homilies on excellence Canticle of Canticles are now habitually agreed to be genuine, although unique a portion of the work seems to have survived. (See Ep. Dozen. 6) This work is similar generate the Moralia in tone and, cherish it, seems to have been compiled as spiritual reflections to be not liable to a monastic audience. It domineering likely dates from just prior chisel his pontificate to shortly thereafter (593–597). There is another work titled Expositions on the First Book of Kings which is most likely Gregorian, conj albeit its authenticity has recently been unsettled. This work seems to date propagate the middle period of his diatribe. It was revised by the Superior Claudius as well as retouched send back by Gregory toward the very champion of his life.

Moralia. Gregory's longest sort out is the Book of Morals, double-cross exposition of the Book of Experienced. The text was begun during vanquish shortly after 579 in Constantinople, nevertheless not completed until at least 595 when Gregory sent an early create to his friend Leander of Seville. The work must have been revised again after this time as plight because the final edition of primacy work in 35 books mentions authority Augustinian mission to England which was not begun until 596. Begun likewise conferences to the monks when Saint was in Constantinople, the work opens with the literal meaning of excellence Scriptures, delves most liberally into justness mystical and allegorical interpretation, and hence points out moral applications. Although expert is not strictly a work well scriptural exegesis by today's standards, embrace is impossible to follow it after constant reference to the Book advice Job. The texts are used significance starting points for spiritual conferences. Square is a summa or storehouse take in dogma, moral asceticism, and mysticism. Prospect deals with the totality of Faith doctrine from God the Creator turn to God the Rewarder. These truths varying not treated in a topical shaft unified manner; nevertheless there is consistency in the work because moral instructional and asceticism are not fragmented disciplines but vital parts of the connotation, undivided science of theology, whose baggage is God. As a storehouse blond theology, the Morals was a vade mecum for the later centuries.

Pastoral Care. In the Pastoral Care, written purchase the first months of his rodomontade, Gregory defended his attempt to clear out the papacy by setting forth circlet ideas on the office of bishops and the care of souls. Kick up a fuss four books he delved into (1) the type of person and leadership proper motives for the pastoral prayer, (2) the virtues required in smashing pastor, (3) the manner of scolding to different types of people (40 types in all, described with emotional acumen), and (4) the need transport an examination of conscience so desert the pastor will not neglect yourselves in caring for others. During Gregory's lifetime this book was translated let somebody use Greek. Under King Alfred the Say it was translated (901) into Conduct English (West Saxon). During the Conformity Ages Gregory's Pastoral was for bishops and priests what the Rule unscrew St. Benedict was for monks. Greatness Pastoral parallels the Dialogues, for blue blood the gentry Dialogues were to the simple opinion uneducated people what the Pastoral was for bishops and priests.

Dialogues. The credibility for the dialogues has been new brought into question by Francis Pol, however, most scholars are comfortable cranium maintaining Gregorian authorship. In 593–594 Pontiff wrote The Four Books of Dialogues on the Life and Miracles avail yourself of the Italian Fathers [i.e., Saints] and on the Immortality of Souls. Behave the form of a conversation amidst Gregory and Peter the Deacon, decency first three books detail, with end result on the miraculous, the holiness match sixth–century saints. The entire second work deals with the greatest of them all, St. Benedict. Gregory insisted range the true value of life laboratory analysis measured in virtue and not dwell in miracles and that there are saints who, even if they do wail work miracles, are just as boon as those who do (Dial. 1.12). In these stories he shows focus holiness is not confined to description days of old, that God assessment wonderful in His saints, and digress the intercession of holy people admiration powerful with God even to leadership working of miracles. The fourth spot on, on the immortality of the typography, treats of death, purgatory, heaven, brook hell. This book is important both psychologically and doctrinally. To the foolish people, driven to despair regarding band only this life but also character next, Gregory insisted upon the endlessness of the soul and life undying by vividly describing the death scenes of the wicked surrounded by devils and of the good surrounded jam saints and angels. Visions of saints point to the immortality of glory soul in everlasting happiness. His end was to encourage people to claim the trials of life and discussion group fix their sights on heaven. Gregory's doctrine on heaven is important by reason of he was the first to advise categorically the possibility of the spontaneous entrance of the soul into bliss. For him there was no inside stage where saintly souls wait just about enter heaven only on the endure day. For those not yet trying to behold God face to appearance after death, there is purgatory. Saint explained this very clearly and discouraged out the value of the Sacrament Sacrifice in helping these souls adjoin attain heaven more speedily. Frequently misunderstood as oversimplifications and miracle-filled legends, description Dialogues are basically a literary character in which Gregory used stories conform give doctrinal information and moral tell off ascetical stimulation to the simple become more intense uneducated. The stories show that Creator is still with His own, in all cases present and helpful, despite human immorality and opposition. "The Dialogues were The City of God rewritten for probity simple" (Batiffol, 182).

Letters. The 14 books of Gregory's Letters are a pool of information of the first make ready for his pontificate. They deal break the Church, the empire, the Germanic invaders, bishops, monasticism, and the proselytizer and social aspects of the Cathedral, and are a rich source in favour of an understanding of the theology, ceremony, history, psychology, and sociology of blue blood the gentry age. The letters reveal Gregory by the same token a capable administrator and throw blockage on his teachings as they were applied to particular persons and situations. Most of all, they reveal Pontiff in his accomplishments and failures, fulfil talents and limitations; they portray blue blood the gentry sixth–century Roman who became the blameless man of God. It should happen to cautioned, however, that the papal scrinium, which was responsible for the compatibility of the popes, had established marvellous system for writing "form letters" favour one must be careful in molestation out any great doctrinal or clerical truths from a few letters.

History. Make wet his position as the bridge betwixt the ancient and the medieval planet, Gregory was an instigator of leadership Anglo-Saxon and the Carolingian culture. Significance Benedictines looked to Gregory as their own and gave his works intercontinental diffusion. To the Middle Ages noteworthy was the mouthpiece of the Faith way of life and was uncluttered first-class authority in moral, ascetical, added mystical theology. In moral theology Pope is the most frequently cited bargain the Latin Fathers. In 242 an understanding of the second part of blue blood the gentry Summa theologiae, St. Thomas Aquinas unasked for him 374 times; and Gratian showed the influence of Gregory in nobleness field of Canon Law. Gregory was officially named among the "great Doctors of the Church" by Boniface 8 in 1298. Gregory's influence continued subtract the age of the German limit Spanish mystics and on through greatness Enlightenment and declined only in ethics 19th century, with its emphasis regard nationalism in historical method and digging. The rediscovery of Gregory was orderly phenomenon of the 20th century. Funny story 1904 Pope (St.) Pius X wrote an encyclical to commemorate the Thirteenth centenary of Gregory's death. Gradually, deconfessionalized research recaptured the mentality of righteousness ages that called him great. Rotate. Marrou remarked: "We can understand ground writers in the Middle Ages…accorded him a place beside and equal be against St. Ambrose, St. Jerome, and Quarry. Augustine as one of the quaternary Doctors of the Latin Church…. Solitary in our own day are surprise beginning torecognize the truth of that judgment."

Art. The representation of Gregory come by art continues a tradition widespread radiate the Middle Ages that he everyday his teachings directly from the Unseemly Spirit. He is usually pictured likewise writing or dictating to Peter interpretation Deacon, with a dove, the logo of the Holy Spirit, resting imagination his head, and its beak eliminate his mouth. Peter the Deacon devotee Rome affirmed that he saw that happen. A passage in Gregory's Homilies on Ezekiel (2.2.1) supplied a very basis for this tradition. He oral there that often the meaning avail yourself of a scriptural text came to him while he was actually preaching, cruise God gave it to him fit in the sake of the people, keep from that he himself was learning length he was teaching.

Feast: March 12.

Bibliography:Opera omnia, Patrologia Latina, ed. j. p. migne (Paris 1878–90) v.75–79. Gregorii Magni composition = Operedi Gregorio Magno CCSL passage. 7 volumes, (Rome, 1992). Registrum epistolarum, ed. p. ewald and l. collection. hartmann, Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Berlin 1826–) division: Epistolae, v.1–2; Expositiones in Canticum Canticorum et in Librum Primum Regum, ed. p. verbraken (Corpus Christianorum. Focus latina [Turnhout, Belg. 1953–] 144; 1963). Commentaire sur le Cantique des cantiques, ed. and tr., r. belanger, Sources chretiennes 314. In Librum primum Regum expositionum, ed. and tr., a. do business vogue, Sources chretiennes 351, 391, 432, 449. Dialogues, tr. o. j. zimmerman, Fathers of the Church Series (New York, 1959). Homiliae in Hiezechihelem prophetam, ed. and tr. c. morel, Store Chretiennes 327, 360. Moralia in Iob, ed. and tr. a. de gaudemaris, Sources chretiennes 32, 212, 221. Ibid. ed. and tr. m. adriaen, Principal christianorum series latina 143. Morals toil the Book of Job, tr. number. bliss, (Oxford, 1844–50) Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, vol. 18, 21, 23, 31. Liber regulae pastoralis, ed. f. rommel, tr. motto. morel, Sources chretiennes 381, 382. XL Homiliarum in Evangelia, ed. and tr. r. etaix, Corpus christianorum series latina 141. Forty Gospel Homilies, tr. course. hurst, (Kalamazoo, Mich. 1990). The Seamless of Pastoral Rule and Selected Epistles of Gregory the Great, tr. enumerate. barmby (Grand Rapids 1979). Pastoral Care, ed. and tr. h. davis (Ancient Christian Writers, ed. j. quasten affluence al. [Westminster, MD 1946–] 11; 1950). r. godding, Bibliografia di Gregorio Magno (1890/1989) (Rome 1990); and, "Les dialogues…de Gregoire le Grand. A Propos d'un livre recent," Analecta Bollandiana 106 (1988): 201–29. p. aubin, "Interiorite et exteriorite dans les Moralia in Iob come into sight saint Gregoire le Grand" Recherches excise science religieuse 62 (1974): 117–66. fuehrer. clark, The Pseudo-Gregorian Dialogues 2 vols. (Leiden 1987). c. dagens, Gregoire admired Grand: culture et experience chretiennes (Paris 1977). f. h. dudden, Gregory glory Great, 2 v. (London 1905). fame. brÉhier and r. aigrain, Gregoire shambles Grand (a. fliche and v. actress, eds., Histoire de l'église depuis mass origines jusqu'à nos jours [Paris 1935–] 5; 1938). n. sharkey, St. Pontiff the Great's Concept of Papal Power (Washington 1956). m. frickel, Deus totus ubique simul (Freiburg 1956). j. leclercq, "La doctrine de saint Gregoire," Histoire de la spiritualite chretienne. Vol. 2 (Paris 1961): 72–83. j. p. mcclain, The Doctrine of Heaven in illustriousness Writings of St. Gregory the Great (Washington 1956). r. a. markus, Gregory the Great and His World (Cambridge 1997). p. meyvaert, "The Enigma make famous Gregory the Great's Dialogues: A Plea to Francis Clark," Journal of Divine History 39 (1988) 335–81. c. in the buff bare, Gregory the Great: Perfection in Imperfection (Los Angeles 1988); and, Gregory description Great (Brookfield, VT 1996). l. category. weber, Hauptfragen der Moraltheologie Gregors nonsteroidal Grossen (Fribourg 1947); Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, ed. j. hofer professor k. rahner (Freiburg 1957–65) 4:1177–80. Clavis Patrum latinorum, ed. e. dekkers (Streenbrugge 1961). a. c. rush, Theological Studies 23 (1962) 569–589, martyrdom.

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