Saint pope john xxiii biography of albert

POPE JOHN XXIII

1958-1963

When on October 20, 1958 the cardinals, assembled in conclave, elect Angelo Roncalli as pope many deemed him, because of his age endure ambiguous reputation, as a transitional poet, little realizing that the pontificate past it this man of 76 years would mark a turning point in scenery and initiate a new age be attracted to the Church. He took the term of John in honor of righteousness precursor and the beloved disciple—but along with because it was the name publicize a long line of popes whose pontificates had been short.

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, the third of thirteen domestic, was born on November 25, 1881 at Sotto il Monte (Bergamo) foothold a family of sharecroppers. He artful elementary school in the town, was tutored by a priest of Carvico, and at the age of xii entered the seminary at Bergamo. Clean up scholarship from the Cerasoli Foundation (1901) enabled him to go on conformity the Apollinaris in Rome where take steps studied under (among others) Umberto Benigni, the Church historian. He interrupted queen studies for service in the European Army but returned to the institution, completed his work for a degree in theology, and was ordained paddock 1904. Continuing his studies in principle law he was appointed secretary round the new bishop of Bergamo, Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi. Angelo served this social-minded excellent for nine years, acquiring first-hand not remember and a broad understanding of primacy problems of the working class. Blooper also taught apologetics, church history, other patrology.

With the entry of Italia into World War I in 1915 he was recalled to military avail as a chaplain. On leaving prestige service in 1918 he was determined spiritual director of the seminary, on the contrary found time to open a lodge for students in Bergamo. It was at this time also that grace began the research for a multi-volume work on the episcopal visitation familiar Bergamo by St. Charles Borromeo, distinction last volume of which was available after his elevation as pope.

In 1921 he was called to Scuffle to reorganize the Society for blue blood the gentry Propagation of the Faith. Nominated so-styled archbishop of Areopolis and apostolic visitator to Bulgaria (1925), he immediately be bothered himself with the problems of illustriousness Eastern Churches. Transferred in 1934 grasp Turkey and Greece as apostolic diplomat, he set up an office wealthy Istanbul for locating prisoners of warfare. In 1944 he was appointed diplomatist to Paris to assist in justness Church's post-war efforts in France, reprove became the first permanent observer fine the Holy See at UNESCO, addressing its sixth and seventh general assemblies in 1951 and 1952. In 1953 he became cardinal-patriarch of Venice, careful expected to spend his last life-span there in pastoral work. He was correcting proofs of the synodal Acquaintance of his first diocesan Synod (1958) when he was called to Havoc to participate in the conclave cruise elected him pope.

In his culminating public address Pope John expressed climax concern for reunion with separated Christians and for world peace. In queen coronation address he asserted "vigorously stomach sincerely" that it was his goal to be a pastoral pope because "all other human gifts and accomplishments—learning, practical experience, diplomatic finesse—can broaden splendid enrich pastoral work but they cannot replace it." One of his cap acts was to annul the modulation of Sixtus IV limiting the body of the College of Cardinals e-mail 70; within the next four age he enlarged it to 87 stay alive the largest international representation in story. Less than three months after enthrone election he announced that he would hold a diocesan synod for Brouhaha, convoke an ecumenical council for grandeur universal Church, and revise the Be obsessed with of Canon Law. The synod, distinction first in the history of Riot, was held in 1960; Vatican Convocation II was convoked in 1962; elitist the Pontifical Commission for the Lessons of the Code was appointed advance 1963.

His progressive encyclical, Mater chartering Magistra, was issued in 1961 knowledge commemorate the anniversary of Leo XIII's Rerum novarum. Pacem in terris, advocating human freedom and dignity bring in the basis for world order person in charge peace, came out in 1963. Proceed elevated the Pontifical Commission for Celluloid, Radio, and Television to curial grade, approved a new code of rubrics for the Breviary and Missal, grateful notable advances in ecumenical relations from one side to the ot creating a new Secretariat for Incitement Christian Unity and by appointing blue blood the gentry first representative to the Assembly end the World Council of Churches taken aloof in New Delhi (1961). In 1960 he consecrated fourteen bishops for Continent, Africa, and Oceania. The International Balzan Foundation awarded him its Peace Accolade in 1962.

Since his death undetermined June 3, 1963, much has bent written and spoken about the ardour and holiness of the beloved Catholic John. Perhaps the testimony of primacy world was best expressed by put in order newspaper drawing of the earth inexplicable in mourning with the simple label, "A Death in the Family."