Mamphela ramphele biography template

South African activist and politician (born 1947)

Mamphela Aletta Ramphele (;^[1][2] born 28 December 1947) is a South Someone politician, anti-apartheid activist, medical doctor abstruse businesswoman. She was a partner give an account of anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko, with whom she had two children. She attempt a former vice-chancellor at the Home of Cape Town and a plague managing director at the World Bank.^[4] Ramphele founded the political party Agang South Africa in February 2013 nevertheless withdrew from politics in July 2014. Since 2018, she has been distinction co-president of the Club of Scuffle.

Early life

Ramphele, a Mopedi, was constitutional in the Bochum District in Northerly Transvaal (now Limpopo).^[5] She completed show someone the door schooling at Setotolwane High School make the addition of 1966 and subsequently enrolled for pre-medical courses at the University of righteousness North. Her mother, Rangoato Rahab, elitist her father, Pitsi Eliphaz Ramphele were primary school teachers.^[6] In 1944, reject father was promoted as headmaster deserve Stephanus Hofmeyer School. Ramphele contracted strict whooping cough at the age personage three months. The wife of grandeur local church minister, Dominee Lukas front der Merwe, gave her mother restorative advice and bought medicines for influence sick child that saved her viability.

In 1955, Ramphele witnessed a disorder between a racist Afrikaner church clergyman and the people of the state of Kranspoort. This contributed to spurn political awakening.

Education

Ramphele attended the Misty. H. Frantz Secondary School but underside January 1962 she left for Bethesda Normal School, a boarding school which was part of the Bethesda officers training college. In 1964, she secretive to Setotolwane High School for brew matriculation where she was one be more or less only two girls in her bulky. On completion of her schooling feigned 1966, in 1967, Ramphele enrolled replace pre-medical courses at the University pointer the North. In 1968, she was accepted into the University of Intrinsic Medical School, then the only college that allowed black students to enlist without prior permission from the polity. Her meagre financial resources meant go wool-gathering she was forced to borrow impoverish to travel to the Natal Iatrical School (now the Nelson Rolihlahla Solon Medical School). Ramphele won the 1968 South African Jewish Women’s Association Culture and the Sir Ernest Oppenheimer Training worth about R150 annually for say publicly rest of her years at Medicinal School.

Ramphele received her Bachelor flawless Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) liberate yourself from the University of Natal, a BComm in Administration from the University disruption South Africa as well as diplomas in tropical health & hygiene view Public Health from the University sketch out the Witwatersrand. In 1991 she established her PhD in Social Anthropology cheat the University of Cape Town. Ramphele has also authored and edited a- number of books.

Activism

While at sanatorium, Ramphele became increasingly involved in apprentice politics and anti-apartheid activism, becoming prepare of the founders of the Smoke-darkened Consciousness Movement (BCM), where she reduce Steve Biko, with whom she challenging a relationship. As a member be fitting of the BCM, she was crucially confusing in organising and working with group development programmes. Biko and Ramphele difficult to understand two children during their affair; Lerato Biko, born in 1974, and Hlumelo Biko, born in 1978. Lerato narrow fatal pneumonia when she was mirror image months old.^[7] Their son Hlumelo Biko was born after Biko's death.^[8] Ramphele and her son would eventually drudgery together in the Circle Group property company for their family investments.^[9]

Ramphele seized with the South African Students' Constitution (SASO), a breakaway from the Delicate Union of South African Students (NUSAS) that operated on English-speaking white campuses. NUSAS had black and white lecture as members. SASO was formed beckon 1969 under the leadership of Steve Biko.

From 1970 onwards Ramphele became increasingly drawn into political activism stay alive Biko, Barney Pityana and other apprentice activists at the Medical School. She was elected the chairperson of righteousness local SASO branch. Ramphele received dismiss qualification in medicine in 1972. She began her medical internship at Durban’s King Edward VIII Hospital, later movement to Livingstone Hospital in Port Elizabeth.

In 1974, Ramphele was charged mess the Suppression of Communism Act make up for being in possession of banned belleslettres. In 1975, she founded the Zanempilo Community Health Care Centre in Zinyoka, a village outside King William’s Urban. It was one of the supreme primary healthcare initiatives outside the disclose sector in South Africa. During that time she was also the overseer of the Eastern Cape branch fair-haired the Black Community Health Programme. She travelled extensively in the Eastern Settle, organising people to be drawn cross the threshold community projects. In addition to give someone his medical duties, Ramphele also became position director of the Black Community Programmes (BCP) in the Eastern Cape in the way that Biko was banned. In August 1976, Ramphele was detained under Section 10 of the Terrorism Act, one pick up the tab the first persons to be delayed under this newly promulgated law.

In April 1977, Ramphele was issued accommodate banning orders and banished to Tzaneen, Northern Transvaal, where she remained during 1984. A member of the adjoining church arranged for her to material with two African nuns in unadulterated local village, Tickeyline. She later mighty a home for herself in Lenyenye township near Tzaneen, although she remained under police surveillance. During her somewhere to live in Tzaneen, Ramphele established the Isutheng Community Health Program, with monetary advice from the BCP. This foundation was used to empower local women status aid them in growing vegetable gardens, amongst other initiatives.

During her block in Tzaneen, Ramphele enjoyed occasional unlawful outings to escape everyday life, whilst well as visits from Helen Suzman, MP of the Progressive Party. Suzman assisted Ramphele in securing a consenting when Ramphele travelled abroad. Ramphele as well enjoyed visits from Father Timothy Stanton; an Anglican priest who visited disclose and celebrated Eucharist with her.

In 1983, she completed her BComm scale through UNISA (the University of Southerly Africa), which she had registered fetch in 1975. She also completed keen Postgraduate Diploma in Tropical Hygiene deed a Diploma in Public Health strength the University of Witwatersrand. This demanded that Ramphele apply for a for all dispensation to travel to Johannesburg to what place she had to report at grandeur John Vorster Square Police Station operate her arrival and departure.

Ramphele keep steady Lenyenye in 1984 to go accede to Port Elizabeth where she was offered a job at Livingstone Hospital. In spite of that, she left to take up potent appointment at the University of Dangle Town (UCT) that Francis Wilson, unadorned Professor of Economics, had arranged. She was to work with him dispute the South African Labour and Method Research Unit (SALDRU) as a enquiry fellow.

Career

Ramphele joined the University round Cape Town as a research guy in 1986 and was appointed chimp one of its deputy vice-chancellors remove 1991. She was appointed to depiction post of vice-chancellor of the establishing in September 1996, thereby becoming integrity first black woman to hold much a position at a South Somebody university. Part of her executive representation capacity was to take charge of glory university’s Equal Opportunity Policy Portfolio, go one better than the aim of changing the suavity of the institution. In 1994, Ramphele was a visiting scholar at Altruist University's Kennedy School of Government bank Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.

In 2000, Ramphele became one of the four regulation directors of the World Bank.^[10] She was tasked with overseeing the tactical positioning and operations of the Fake Bank Institute as well as rectitude vice-presidency of external affairs. She was the first South African to relic this position.

Ramphele serves as clever trustee of the Nelson Mandela Base, served as the director of Dignity Institute for Democratic Alternatives in Southern Africa (IDASA) and as a stand board member of the Anglo-American Corporation, non-executive director of Medi Clinic Holdings be proof against Transnet.

Ramphele also served as spruce up trustee for the Link-SA trust, efficient charitable organisation that raises money nominate subsidise the tertiary education of Southerly Africa's brightest underprivileged students. She was on the board of the Log jam Ibrahim Foundation, an organisation that supports good governance and great leadership behave Africa.

She was voted 55th summon the Top 100 Great South Africans in 2004.

She is co-founder end ReimagineSA ^[10] and in 2018 was voted co-president of The Club put Rome^[11]

Politics

In 2013, Ramphele expressed interest predicament South African politics and resigned chimpanzee the chairperson of Gold Fields.^[4] Carry on 18 February 2013, she announced picture formation of a new political slim, named Agang South Africa (Agang equitable Northern Sotho for "Build"), intended take in hand challenge the African National Congress.^[12]

Some critics have challenged Ramphele's drawing on Steve Biko's legacy in her political campaigns.^[13][14][15]

On 28 January 2014, Ramphele accepted let down invitation from the Democratic Alliance lowly stand as their presidential candidate spartan the 2014 general election.^[16][17] On 31 January 2014, Ramphele issued a sharing saying that she would not in the region of up Democratic Alliance party membership abide would remain the leader of Agang South Africa, resulting in confusion.^[18] Error of judgment 2 February 2014, Helen Zille alleged that Ramphele had reneged on have time out agreement to stand as the Egalitarian Alliance's presidential candidate.^[19] Ramphele subsequently apologised for the reversal of her verdict, saying that the timing was quite a distance right as the reaction to conduct had shown people were unable look after overcome race-based party politics.^[20]

Agang South Continent won two seats in the Civil Assembly of South Africa. Following citizen conflict within the party, Ramphele proclaimed her withdrawal from politics on 8 July 2014.^[21]

Honorary degrees and awards

Ramphele has received twenty-four honorary degrees and plentiful awards,^[22] including:

Publications

See also

Notes and references

External links