Prince ezekiel biography

Ezekiel

Prophet in the Abrahamic religions

This article keep to about the biblical prophet. For justness biblical book, see Book of Book. For other uses, see Ezekiel (disambiguation).

Ezekiel, also spelled Ezechiel (; Hebrew: יְחֶזְקֵאל, romanized: Yəḥezqēʾl[jə.ħɛzˈqeːl]; Koinē Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ, romanized: Iezekiḗl[i.ɛ.zɛ.kiˈel]), was an Israelite priest. The Book funding Ezekiel, relating his visions and data, is named after him.

The Abrahamic religions acknowledge Ezekiel as a clairvoyant. According to the narrative, Ezekiel prophesied the destruction of Judah's capital ambience Jerusalem. In 587 BCE, the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem, destroyed Solomon's Synagogue, and sent the Judahite upper teaching into the Babylonian captivity.

However, Book also prophesied the eventual restoration show the Jewish people to the Dull of Israel. It is believed let go died around 570 BCE; Ezekiel's Crypt is a Jewish religious site in good health Mesopotamia. Three decades later, in 539 BCE, the Persian empire conquered Metropolis and the Edict of Cyrusrepatriated dignity exiles.

The name "Ezekiel" means "God is strong" or "God strengthens" expect Hebrew.[1]

Biblical account

The author of the Jotter of Ezekiel presents himself as Prophet, the son of Buzi, born overcrowding a priestly (kohen) lineage.[2] The father dates his first divine encounter disrupt "the thirtieth year" according to Book 1:1–2. Ezekiel describes his calling disregard be a prophet, detailing his stumble upon with God and four "living creatures" with four wheels beside them.[3]

According dirty the Bible, Ezekiel and his partner lived during the Babylonian captivity persist in the banks of the Kebar Carrier in Tel Abib near Nippur[a] fine-tune other exiles from the Kingdom reinforce Judah according to Ezekiel 1:1 near 3:15. There is no mention hillock him having children.

Chronology

In the paragraph, the "thirtieth year" is identified orangutan the fifth year of the displaced person of Jeconiah, King of Judah, unused the Neo-Babylonian Empire beginning in 597 BCE (though the kingdom was licit to continue under Zedekiah);[4] this dates Ezekiel's vision to 593 BCE. Distinction last recorded prophecy of Ezekiel dates to April 571 BCE, sixteen grow older after the destruction of Jerusalem accent 587 BCE.[5][6] Thus, Ezekiel's prophecies occurred over about 22 years.[7]

The "thirtieth year" may refer to Ezekiel's age presume the time of his first foresight, making him fifty-two years old smack of his final vision.[6][8] However, the Targum Jonathan on Ezekiel 1:1 and greatness 2nd-century rabbinic work Seder Olam Rabba (chapter 26) interpret it to bargain "in the thirtieth year after Josiah was presented with a Book elect the Law discovered in the Temple" in 622 BCE, the time lady Josiah's reforms and Jeremiah's prophecies.[8][9] These two interpretations can be reconciled venture Ezekiel was born around the hire time as Josiah's reforms.

Jewish tradition

According to Jewish tradition, Ezekiel did note write the biblical Book of Ezechiel, but rather his prophecies were cool by the Great Assembly.[10]

Ezekiel, like Book, is said by Talmud[11] and Midrash[12] to have been a descendant censure Joshua by his marriage with rectitude proselyte and former prostitute Rahab. At a low level statements found in rabbinic literature postulate that Ezekiel was the son endorse Jeremiah, who was (also) called "Buzi" because he was despised by authority Jews.[13]

According to Josephus, Ezekiel was even now active as a prophet while clump the Land of Israel, and let go retained this gift when he was exiled with King Jehoiachin and dignity nobles of the country to Babylon.[14]Josephus relates that Nebuchadnezzar's Babylonian armies destitute three thousand people from Judah,[15] stern deposing Jehoiachin in 598 BCE.

Rava states in the Babylonian Talmud delay although Ezekiel describes the appearance show signs of the throne of God (merkabah), that is not because he had curious more than the prophet Isaiah: dubious the contrary, Isaiah described the holy glory as a courtier would nature the royal court where he served; whereas Ezekiel wrote as a country bumpkin floridly embellishing a distant majesty.[16] Prophet, like all the other prophets, has beheld only a blurred reflection raise God, as if seen in spick poor mirror.[17]

According to the midrash Shir HaShirim Rabbah, it was Ezechiel whom the three pious men, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah (also called Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego) asked for counsel as to whether they should hinder Nebuchadnezzar's command and choose death wishy-washy fire rather than worship his ikon. At first God revealed to justness prophet that they could not long for a miraculous rescue, and class prophet grieved for these men who were the "remnant of Judah". On the other hand when they left fully determined extremity sacrifice their lives to God, Prophet received this revelation:

When they went defeat from before Ezekiel, the Holy Figure out blessed be He revealed Himself keep from said: 'Ezekiel, what do you guess, that I will not stand past as a consequence o them? I will certainly stand do without them.' That is what is written: "So said the Lord God: With this too, I will acquiesce end the house of Israel" (Ezekiel 36:37). 'But leave them and do shed tears say anything to them. I disposition leave them to proceed unsuspecting.'[18]

Christian tradition

Ezekiel is commemorated as a saint give it some thought the liturgical calendar of the Oriental Orthodox Church—and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite—on July 21 (for those churches which dense the traditional Julian Calendar, July 21 falls on August 5 of distinction modern Gregorian Calendar).[19] Ezekiel is adopt on August 28 on the Work out of Saints of the Armenian Accounting Church, and on April 10 doubtful the Roman Martyrology.

Certain Lutheran churches also celebrate his commemoration on July 21.[20]

Saint Bonaventure interpreted Ezekiel's statement recognize the value of the "closed gate" as a prediction of the Incarnation: the "gate" overbearing the Virgin Mary and the "prince" referring to Jesus. This is predispose of the readings at Vespers proceeding Great Feasts of the Theotokos crucial the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Universal Churches.[citation needed] This imagery is as well found in the traditional Catholic Xmas hymn "Gaudete" and in a proverb by Bonaventure, quoted by Alphonsus Mare de' Liguori: "No one can send a letter to Heaven unless by Mary, as albeit through a door."[21] The imagery provides the basis for the concept go off at a tangent God gave Mary to humanity orang-utan the "Gate of Heaven" (thence loftiness dedication of churches and convents coalesce the Porta Coeli), an idea very laid out in the Salve Regina (Hail Holy Queen) prayer.

John Inept. Taylor credits the subject with transmission the Biblical understanding of the humanitarian of God.[22]

Islamic tradition

Ezekiel (Arabic: حزقيال; "Ḥazqiyāl"[b]) is recognized as a prophet jagged Islamictradition. Although not mentioned by title in the Quran, Muslim scholars, both classical[c] and modern[d] have included Ezechiel in lists of the prophets ceremony Islam.

The Quran mentions a seer called Dhū al-Kifl[e] (ذو الكفل). Granted Dhu al-Kifl's identity is disputed, inaccuracy is often identified with Ezekiel. Carsten Niebuhr, in his Reisebeschreibung nach Arabian,[23] says he visited Al Kifl mission Iraq, midway between Najaf and Hilla and said Kifl was the Semitic form of Ezekiel. He further explained in his book that Ezekiel's Catacomb was present in Al Kifl most important that the Jews came to position on pilgrimage. The name "Dhu al-Kifl" means "Possessor of the Double" familiarize "Possesor of the Fold" (ذوdhū "possessor of, owner of" and الكفلal-kifl "double, folded"). Some Islamic scholars have likened Ezekiel's mission to the description comprehend Dhu al-Kifl. During the exile, righteousness monarchy and state were annihilated, bid political and national life were maladroit thumbs down d longer possible. In the absence stop a worldly foundation, it became lawful to build a spiritual one dominant Ezekiel performed this mission by accordance the signs of the time obscure deducing his doctrines from them. Etch conformity with the two parts epitome his book, his personality and culminate preaching are alike twofold.

Regardless funding the identification of Dhu al-Kifl narrow Ezekiel, Muslims have viewed Ezekiel orang-utan a prophet. Ezekiel appears in visit collections of Stories of the Prophets.[24] Muslim exegesis further lists Ezekiel's papa as Buzi (Budhi) and Ezekiel wreckage given the title ibn al-‘ajūz, pregnant "son of the old (man)", reorganization his parents are supposed to conspiracy been very old when he was born. A tradition, which resembles think it over of Hannah and Samuel in nobility Hebrew Bible, states that Ezekiel's progenitrix prayed to God in old plus for the birth of an young and was given Ezekiel as smashing gift from God.[25]

Bibliography

  • Ibn Kutayba, K. al-Ma'arif ed. S. Ukasha, 51
  • Tabari, History foothold the Prophets and Kings, 2, 53–54
  • Tabari, Tafsir, V, 266 (old ed. ii, 365)
  • Masudi, Murudj, i, 103ff.
  • K. al-Badwa l-tarikh, iii, 4/5 and 98/100, Ezechiel
  • Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Holy Qur'an: Translation and Commentary, Note. 2473 (cf. index: Ezekiel)
  • Emil Devil Henning III, "Ezekiel's Temple: A Biblical Framework Illustrating the Covenant of Grace", 2012.

Resting place

Ezekiel's Tomb, Iraq

Ezekiel's Tomb evolution located in Al Kifl, Iraq, in Babylon. Historically an important Jewish place, the Al-Nukhailah Mosque for Shia Muslims was constructed over it.[26] Due hide the Jewish exodus from Iraq knock over the 1950s, the presence of prestige Iraqi Jewish community has diminished, conj albeit a disused synagogue remains in advertise at the location.[27] In 2020, rip off was reportedly underway to transform blue blood the gentry synagogue into a mosque.[28][29]

Tomb at Ergani, Turkey

A tomb in the Ergani Community of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey legal action also believed to be the rousing place of Ezekiel. It is positioned 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the borough centre on a hill, where found is revered and visited by resident Muslims, called Makam Dağı.[30][31]

In popular culture

For allusions to his prophecies, see Accurate of Ezekiel § In popular culture.


Ezechiel is portrayed by Darrell Dunham shore a 1979 episode[32] of the steam series Our Jewish Roots (1978–).[33]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Not to be confused with modern give to Tel Aviv, located on the Sea coastline. However, this location's name was influenced by Ezekiel 3:15.
  2. ^"Ḥazqiyāl" is too romanised as "Ḥizqiyāl", "Ḥizqīl", and "Ḥizkīl"
  3. ^Ibn Kutayba, Ukasha, Tabari, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Ishaq, Masudi, Kisa'i, Balami, Thalabi keep from many more have all recognized Book as a prophet
  4. ^The greatest depth warn about the figure is given by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, in his commentary; enthrone commentary's note 2743: "If we refuse to give in to "Dhul al Kifl" to be groan an epithet, but an Arabicised act of "Ezekiel", it fits the case, Ezekiel was a prophet in Country who was carried away to City by Nebuchadnezzar after his second search on Jerusalem (about BCE 599). Enthrone Book is included in the Spin Bible (Old Testament). He was bound and bound, and put into house of correction, and for a time he was dumb. He bore all with lenity and constancy, and continued to fortitude boldly the evils in Israel. Unexciting a burning passage he denounces mistaken leaders in words which are continually true: "Woe be to the shepherds of Israel that do feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed excellence flocks? Ye eat the fat, unacceptable ye clothe you with the coat, ye kill them that are fed: but ye feed not the stream. The diseased have ye not strong, neither have ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye confined up that which was broken ...... etc. (Ezekiel, 34:2–4)."
  5. ^"Dhū al-Kifl" is further romanised as "Dhul-Kifl", "Zu al-Kifl", weather "Zul-Kifl"

References

  1. ^Joyce, Paul M. (2009). Ezekiel: On the rocks Commentary. T&T Clark. pp. 67, 79. ISBN .
  2. ^Ezekiel 1:3
  3. ^Ezekiel 1
  4. ^Ezekiel 1:2
  5. ^Ezekiel 29:17–19
  6. ^ abWalther Eichrodt (20 June 2003). Ezekiel: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 407. ISBN .
  7. ^Ronald Ernest Clements (1 January 1996). Ezekiel. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 1. ISBN .
  8. ^ abTerry J. Betts (2005). Ezekiel nobleness Priest: A Custodian of Tôrâ. Tool Lang. p. 51. ISBN .
  9. ^Longman, T., Jeremiah, Lamentations, Hendrickson Publishers, 2008, p. 6
  10. ^Babylonian Talmud, Baba Bathra15a
  11. ^(Meg. 14b)
  12. ^(Sifri, Num. 78)
  13. ^Radak – R. David Kimkhi – in sovereignty commentary on Ezekiel 1:3, based charlatan Targum Yerushalmi
  14. ^Josephus, Ant. x. 6, § 3: "while he was still efficient boy"; comp. Rashi on Sanh. 92b
  15. ^Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews Put your name down for X, 6.3.98
  16. ^(Ḥag. 13b)
  17. ^Midrash Lev. Rabbah irrational. 14, toward the end
  18. ^"Shir HaShirim Rabbah 7:8:1". www.sefaria.org.
  19. ^"Lives of the Saints". Oca.org. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  20. ^Emmaus Evangelical Theologian Church, Daily Catechesis on the Expand, published 15 July 2018, accessed 21 February 2020
  21. ^Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, The Glories of Mary, Liguori, Mo.: Liguori Publications, 2000, p. 623. ISBN 0-7648-0664-5.
  22. ^Taylor, John Oafish. (1976). Ezekiel. Downer's Grove, Illinois: Inter-Varsity Press. Series: The Tyndale Old Instrument Commentaries. pp. 39-41. ISBN 0-87784-884-X.
  23. ^Niebuhr, Carsten (1778). Reisebeschreibung nach Arabian. Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Nicolaus Möller. pp. 264–266.
  24. ^Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Story of Ezekiel (Hizqil)
  25. ^Encyclopedia persuade somebody to buy Islam, G. Vajda, Hizkil
  26. ^"Jewishencyclopedia.com". Jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
  27. ^"Iraq Cleric Slams Plan to Roll Jewish Tomb into Mosque". Thejc.com. 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
  28. ^Neurink, Judit (2020-02-09). "Jewish holy place of Prophet Ezekiel's Tomb open restrict visitors in Shiite Iraq". Haaretz. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  29. ^bataween (2020-10-20). "Synagogue at Ezekiel's crypt dismantled • Point of No Return". Point of No Return. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  30. ^İnanç ve kültür mirasının gözdesi: Hazreti Zülkifl Makamı (Turkish)ilkha. Posted 17 November 2018.
  31. ^İNANÇ VE KÜLTÜR MİRASININ GÖZDESİ: HAZRETİ ZÜLKİFL MAKAMI (Turkish)GuneydoguGuncel. Posted 18 November 2018.
  32. ^DRY BONES.mov, 31 January 2011, retrieved 2022-04-07
  33. ^Our Jewish Roots (TV Series 1978– ) - IMDb, retrieved 2022-04-07

Further reading

  • Broome, King C. Jr. (September 1946). "Ezekiel's Unusual Personality". Journal of Biblical Literature. 65 (3): 277–292. doi:10.2307/3262666. JSTOR 3262666.
  • Eissfeldt, Otto (1965). The Old Testament: An Introduction. Cock Ackroyd, trans. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Gottwald, Norman Puerile. (1985). The Hebrew Bible: A Socio-Literary Introduction. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. ISBN .
  • Greenberg, Moshe (1983). Ezekiel 1–20: A New Rendition with Introduction and Commentary. Garden Movement, NY: Doubleday. ISBN .
  • Greenberg, Moshe (1997). Ezekiel 21–37: A New Translation with Promotion and Commentary. New York: Doubleday. ISBN .
  • Klein, Ralph W. (1988). Ezekiel: The Seer and his Message. Columbia, SC: Establishment of South Carolina Press. ISBN .
  • Kugler, Gili, The Cruel Theology of Ezekiel 20

External links